Understanding the influence of perceived intelligence and perceived anthropomorphism on users’ intention to adopt healthcare chatbots - Report - MDSpire

Understanding the influence of perceived intelligence and perceived anthropomorphism on users’ intention to adopt healthcare chatbots

  • By

  • Shanshan Li

  • Heng Zhang

  • Hao Fan

  • June 8, 2026

  • 0 min

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Clinical Report: Exploring User Perceptions of Healthcare Chatbots

Overview

Revise to specify how intelligence and anthropomorphism affect trust and adoption.

Background

The integration of AI technologies in healthcare, particularly through chatbots, presents an opportunity to enhance access to health information and medical advice. However, skepticism towards these systems persists, with many users preferring traditional consultations with human physicians. Understanding the factors that influence user acceptance is crucial for optimizing the deployment of AI in healthcare settings.

Data Highlights

No numerical data was provided in the article.

Key Findings

  • Perceived intelligence and anthropomorphism are critical attributes influencing user interactions with healthcare chatbots.
  • Trust in chatbots is multidimensional, encompassing benevolence, integrity, and competence.
  • Users' perceptions of chatbot capabilities can enhance their willingness to adopt AI for health consultations.
  • Concerns regarding performance risk and fairness significantly impact user acceptance of healthcare chatbots.
  • Prior studies have primarily focused on user-related factors, with limited attention to chatbot-specific characteristics.

Clinical Implications

Healthcare providers should consider the importance of perceived intelligence and anthropomorphism when implementing chatbots in clinical settings. Enhancing these attributes may improve user trust and increase the likelihood of adoption among patients seeking health information.

Conclusion

Understanding user perceptions of healthcare chatbots is essential for fostering trust and promoting their adoption. Future research should continue to explore the interplay between these perceptions and user engagement with AI technologies in healthcare.

Related Resources & Content

  1. npj Digital Medicine, 2024 -- Changes in public perception of artificial intelligence in healthcare after exposure to ChatGPT
  2. BMC Psychiatry, 2024 -- Exploring the Role of Agency in Psychotherapy: Experiences of Individuals with Mental Health Challenges in Interactions with AI Chatbots and Human Therapists
  3. JMIR Medical Informatics, 2026 -- A Multiassessment and Multiprofessional Agents Approach for Medical Chatbot Risk Estimation: Development and Evaluation Study
  4. npj Digital Medicine, 2024 -- Promoting xenomorphic patient-facing AIs: The case against anthropomorphism in medical AIs
  5. The therapeutic effectiveness of artificial intelligence-based chatbots in alleviation of depressive and anxiety symptoms in short-course treatments: A systematic review and meta-analysis, 2024
  6. WHO Guidance on AI in Health
  7. The therapeutic effectiveness of artificial intelligence-based chatbots in alleviation of depressive and anxiety symptoms in short-course treatments: A systematic review and meta-analysis - ScienceDirect
  8. An LLM chatbot to facilitate primary-to-specialist care transitions: a randomized controlled trial

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