Effects and mechanisms of different exercise modalities on inflammation in older adults, particularly with sarcopenia: a narrative review - Report - MDSpire
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Effects and mechanisms of different exercise modalities on inflammation in older adults, particularly with sarcopenia: a narrative review
Clinical Report: Impact and Mechanisms of Various Exercise Types on Inflammation
Overview
This narrative review examines the effects of different exercise modalities on inflammation in older adults with sarcopenia. It highlights the distinct anti-inflammatory mechanisms of aerobic exercise, resistance training, and high-intensity interval training.
Background
Sarcopenia, characterized by the loss of muscle mass and function, poses significant health risks for older adults, including increased disability and mortality. Chronic low-grade inflammation, or 'inflammaging', is a critical factor in the development of sarcopenia. Understanding how various exercise types can modulate inflammation is essential for developing effective interventions to manage this condition.
Resistance training mainly mitigates muscle-derived inflammatory signaling and promotes anabolic responses.
High-intensity interval training and combined training have complementary effects on both systemic and local inflammation.
Exercise-induced anti-inflammatory effects are linked to the suppression of pro-inflammatory pathways and activation of regulatory pathways.
Exercise modulates myokine secretion and immune cell phenotypes, improving the inflammatory microenvironment in skeletal muscle.
Clinical Implications
Healthcare professionals should consider incorporating various exercise modalities into treatment plans for older adults with sarcopenia to effectively manage inflammation. Tailoring exercise prescriptions based on individual needs may enhance outcomes related to muscle health and overall well-being.
Conclusion
Different exercise modalities offer unique benefits in reducing inflammation associated with sarcopenia. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms can inform personalized exercise interventions for older adults.
