Association between maternal PAH exposure and immune-inflammatory indices during pregnancy

To explore the association between maternal PAH exposure during pregnancy and maternal immune-inflammatory indices.

1-Hydroxynaphthalene (1-OHNAP), 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2-OHNAP), 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OHFLU), and 9-hydroxyphenanthrene (9-OHPH) showed significant correlations with immune-inflammatory indices.
Negative correlations were found between PAH metabolites and white blood cell (WBC) count and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR).
Positive correlations were observed with systemic immune inflammation index (SII) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR).
Key metabolites identified include 9-hydroxyfluorene (9-OHFLU), 9-OHPH, 4-hydroxyphenanthrene (4-OHPH), 2-hydroxyphenanthrene (2-OHPH), and 1-hydroxyphenanthrene (1-OHPH).

The study may not account for all potential confounding factors influencing immune-inflammatory markers.
The cross-sectional nature limits causal inferences.