Case Report: Effect of setmelanotide treatment in a young patient with acquired hypothalamic obesity following Escherichia coli sepsis and meningoencephalitis with brain abscess

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Acquired hypothalamic obesity (aHO) is a severe condition resulting from hypothalamic injury, leading to rapid weight gain and metabolic complications.
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A 22-month-old child developed aHO after Escherichia coli sepsis and meningoencephalitis, resulting in significant weight gain and metabolic issues.
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Setmelanotide treatment was initiated at 0.25 mg daily and increased to 1.5 mg, leading to weight stabilization and improvements in liver enzymes and quality of life.
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The most significant clinical improvements were observed at doses of setmelanotide ≥1.25 mg daily, marking a notable response in this young patient.
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This case suggests that setmelanotide may be a promising treatment for aHO in selected patients, expanding its potential use beyond genetic indications.

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