Soluble IL-2 receptor and memory Treg profiles differentiate early rheumatoid arthritis from undifferentiated arthritis at initial presentation

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The study involved 83 treatment-experienced RA, 49 treatment-naïve RA, and 51 seropositive undifferentiated arthritis patients, alongside 60 healthy controls.
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Distinct immune profiles were identified, with treatment-naïve RA showing IL-2 signaling exhaustion and systemic inflammation compared to undifferentiated arthritis.
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An eight-feature immune signature effectively distinguished treatment-naïve RA from undifferentiated arthritis with an AUC of 0.959, adjusted for various factors.
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Elevated soluble IL-2 receptor and IL-6 were significant contributors to the immune profile differences between treatment-naïve RA and undifferentiated arthritis.
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The findings suggest that immune profiling could aid in distinguishing treatment-naïve RA from undifferentiated arthritis when conventional criteria are inconclusive.

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