Effects and mechanisms of different exercise modalities on inflammation in older adults, particularly with sarcopenia: a narrative review

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Sarcopenia is an age-related muscle disorder linked to chronic low-grade inflammation, impacting muscle mass and function in older adults.
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Exercise is an effective non-pharmacological strategy to reduce inflammation and improve muscle health in older adults with sarcopenia.
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Aerobic exercise primarily lowers systemic inflammatory markers, while resistance training reduces muscle-derived inflammation and enhances anabolic responses.
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High-intensity interval training and combined exercise programs provide complementary anti-inflammatory effects on both systemic and local inflammation.
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Understanding the distinct mechanisms of various exercise modalities can aid in developing tailored exercise prescriptions for managing sarcopenia.

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