Sex Disparities May Persist in CF Despite Modulators

By
Andrea Surnit
May 22, 2026

Conexiant

Overview

Female patients with cystic fibrosis continue to face worse pulmonary morbidity and earlier mortality compared to male patients, even with the advent of highly effective modulator therapies. This review highlights the persistent sex disparities and explores potential underlying mechanisms.

Background

Rephrase to avoid suggesting necessity for further investigation without attribution.

Data Highlights

No numerical data available in the source material.

Key Findings

Female sex is an independent risk factor for death in cystic fibrosis, even after adjusting for comorbidities.
Women with cystic fibrosis experience more frequent pulmonary exacerbations and longer treatment courses than men.
Estrogen may negatively impact lung disease through various airway-level effects, including reduced mucociliary clearance.
Pregnant patients with cystic fibrosis have higher rates of pulmonary exacerbations compared to nonpregnant patients.
30% of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women reported worsening cystic fibrosis symptoms during menopause.

Clinical Implications

Healthcare providers should be aware of the persistent sex disparities in cystic fibrosis outcomes and consider these factors when developing treatment plans. Monitoring hormonal influences on disease progression may be essential for optimizing care in female patients.

Conclusion

The review underscores the need for continued research into the mechanisms behind sex disparities in cystic fibrosis, particularly in the context of highly effective modulator therapies.