Randomized controlled trial evaluating mixed reality technology for training scrub nurses in anterior cervical spine surgery

By
Wenqing Yang
Tingting Ma

May 13, 2026

Frontiers In Medicine

Overview

This study demonstrates that Mixed Reality (MR) training significantly enhances the theoretical knowledge, practical performance, and emergency response capabilities of scrub nurses in anterior cervical spine surgery compared to traditional training methods. Additionally, MR training reduces cognitive load and increases overall satisfaction among participants.

Background

Scrub nurses play a critical role in anterior cervical spine surgery (ACSS), requiring a deep understanding of complex spatial anatomy and instrument handling. Traditional training methods often fall short in providing immersive, hands-on experiences necessary for mastering these skills. The integration of Mixed Reality (MR) technology offers a promising alternative that can enhance learning outcomes and reduce cognitive burden.

Data Highlights

Outcome	MR Group	Control Group	p-value
Theoretical Knowledge Score	92.47	86.33	< 0.001
Practical Performance Score	94.50	88.97	< 0.001
Emergency Response Score	91.73	85.40	< 0.001
Cognitive Load (NASA-TLX Total)	28.60	36.43	< 0.001

Key Findings

The MR training group achieved significantly higher scores in theoretical knowledge, practical performance, and emergency response assessments compared to the control group.
Participants in the MR group reported a lower overall cognitive load, indicating a more efficient learning process.
Training satisfaction was markedly higher in the MR group across all measured domains.
MR technology provides an immersive learning experience that enhances spatial understanding and engagement.
Conventional training methods may not adequately prepare scrub nurses for the complexities of ACSS.

Clinical Implications

The findings suggest that incorporating MR training into scrub nurse education can lead to improved knowledge retention and skill acquisition, ultimately enhancing patient safety during anterior cervical spine surgeries. Healthcare institutions should consider adopting MR technologies to modernize training programs for surgical nursing staff.

Conclusion

Mixed Reality training represents a significant advancement in the education of scrub nurses, offering a more effective and engaging alternative to traditional training methods. This approach not only enhances learning outcomes but also prepares nurses for the complexities of surgical environments.