Exploring the Microbiome's Influence on Lichen Sclerosus: Insights into Pathophysiology and Treatment Options

By
Marta Kasprowicz-Furmańczyk
Witold Chmielnicki
Natalia Zdanowska
Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek
September 19, 2026

Dermatology And Therapy

Overview

This narrative review highlights the emerging role of microbiome dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of lichen sclerosus (LS) and its potential association with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Background

Lichen sclerosus is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the anogenital region, with significant implications for patient quality of life and an increased risk of malignancy. Understanding the role of the microbiome in LS could provide insights into its pathophysiology.

Data Highlights

No numerical or trial data presented in the article.

Key Findings

Microbiome alterations have been consistently identified at various anatomical sites in LS.
Dysbiosis may contribute to a microenvironment that favors chronic inflammation and neoplastic progression.
Immunological mechanisms, including the activation of mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, may link microbiome changes to LS pathogenesis.
Current literature on the LS microbiome is predominantly descriptive and lacks methodological consistency.
Longitudinal and interventional studies are necessary to establish causality and clinical applicability of microbiome findings in LS.

Clinical Implications

Further research is required to clarify the role of microbiome alterations in LS.

Conclusion

The review underscores the potential role of the microbiome in lichen sclerosus and highlights the need for more comprehensive studies to elucidate its impact on disease progression and treatment.