Sex-Based Variations in the Impact of Economic Disparities on Mental Health

Overview

This meta-analysis reveals that women experience greater relative poverty and are disproportionately affected by economic disparities in mental health, particularly depression.

Background

Economic inequalities are significant determinants of mental health, yet the role of gender in this context has been underexplored. Women face both greater exposure to economic disadvantage and heightened vulnerability to its mental health impacts.

Data Highlights

Key Findings

• Relative poverty was more prevalent among women (20.5%) than men (18.3%).
• The meta-analysis identified a significant relationship between lower income and poorer mental health (log(OR)=0.55, 95% CI 0.26–0.85).
• Gender did not moderate effects across all outcomes, but significant moderation was found in depression-focused analyses (p=0.016).
• Women exhibited larger effects in depression-related outcomes compared to men.
• The Gini index was not associated with mental health outcomes, but gender remained a significant moderator.

Clinical Implications

Healthcare providers should consider gender-specific factors when assessing the mental health impacts of economic disparities. Policies aimed at reducing economic inequality should incorporate gender-sensitive strategies to effectively address the mental health needs of women.

Conclusion

The study highlights the importance of recognizing gender differences in the relationship between economic disparities and mental health.

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