Impact of Exercise on Foot Pain and Functionality in Adults with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Overview

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of structured exercise programs on foot pain and function in adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Findings suggest that supervised exercise interventions can significantly reduce foot pain and improve functional outcomes without exacerbating inflammation.

Background

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation, pain, and progressive functional impairment, with foot involvement occurring in over 90% of patients. Foot deformities and pain significantly impair gait and independence but are often underrepresented in common disease activity indices. While pharmacological treatments remain central, many patients continue to experience foot-related symptoms, highlighting the need for effective non-pharmacological interventions such as exercise.

Data Highlights

Key Findings

• Structured, supervised exercise programs lasting at least four weeks effectively reduce foot pain in adults with RA.
• Exercise modalities including aquatic exercise, resistance training, HIIT, and Tai Chi improve foot function and mobility.
• Exercise interventions do not exacerbate joint inflammation or disease activity in RA patients.
• Foot and ankle joints, despite their high involvement, are often excluded from standard disease activity assessments, underscoring the importance of targeted interventions.
• Optimal exercise prescription parameters regarding intensity and duration remain to be fully defined but show promising benefits across various modalities.

Clinical Implications

Clinicians should consider incorporating structured, supervised exercise programs into the multidisciplinary management of RA patients with foot involvement to alleviate pain and enhance function. Tailoring exercise modalities and intensities to individual patient needs may optimize outcomes without increasing disease activity. Regular assessment of foot-specific symptoms is essential to guide therapy.

Conclusion

Exercise is a safe and effective adjunct therapy for reducing foot pain and improving function in adults with rheumatoid arthritis. Integrating targeted exercise interventions can address a frequently overlooked aspect of RA, potentially improving patient mobility and quality of life.

References

1. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Exercise and Foot Pain in RA, 2025