Multi-omics Approach Identifies HLA-DPA1/DPB1 Downregulation as a Factor in Macrophage Immune-Metabolic Dysregulation in Children with Asthma

By
Yuchen Wen
Zefan Du
Zhiyuan Zhong
Qiurong Yuan
Liangkang Lin
Ran Yao
Jiaying He
Qionghui Huang
Liang Li
Cheng Ouyang
Junbing Huang
Su Liu
Chun Chen
June 3, 2026

Frontiers In Immunology

Overview

This study identifies HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 downregulation as significant factors in macrophage immune-metabolic dysregulation in pediatric asthma. The findings suggest these genes may serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Background

Pediatric asthma is a common chronic respiratory condition with significant morbidity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying immune dysfunction is crucial for developing targeted therapies. This study explores the role of specific immune checkpoint-related genes in the pathogenesis of pediatric asthma.

Data Highlights

Gene	Expression Change	Diagnostic Value
HLA-DPA1	Downregulated	High
HLA-DPB1	Downregulated	High

Key Findings

HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 were identified as candidate key genes in pediatric asthma.
Both genes were significantly downregulated in patients with pediatric asthma.
Downregulation correlated with impaired antigen presentation and metabolic dysfunction.
IL-13 stimulation confirmed reduced expression of these genes in bronchial epithelial cells.
Single-cell analysis revealed enrichment of these genes in a specific macrophage subset.

Clinical Implications

The identification of HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 as key genes in pediatric asthma highlights the importance of macrophage function in disease pathogenesis. These findings may inform future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring immune balance in affected children.

Conclusion

This study provides new insights into the immune-metabolic dysregulation in pediatric asthma, emphasizing the potential of HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 as targets for future research and therapeutic intervention.