Clinical Report: Influences of Maternal, Healthcare, and Nutritional Aspects on Birth Defects in China

Overview

This systematic review and meta-analysis identifies 17 factors influencing birth defects in China based on studies published from 2019 to the present. Key findings include the impact of maternal age, BMI, and healthcare service utilization on the incidence of birth defects.

Background

Birth defects are significant contributors to infant mortality and childhood disability, with an incidence rate of approximately 5.6% in China. Understanding the risk factors associated with birth defects is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies. This study addresses the limitations of previous research by providing a comprehensive analysis of various influencing factors.

Data Highlights

Key Findings

• Maternal age 2635 years is associated with a higher risk of birth defects (OR = 1.26).
• Maternal obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) increases the risk (OR = 1.42).
• Low rates of premarital examinations are linked to higher incidence (OR = 0.36).
• Irregular folic acid supplementation significantly raises the risk for neural tube defects (OR = 2.34).
• Exposure to harmful substances during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk (OR = 1.45).

Clinical Implications

Healthcare professionals should focus on improving folic acid supplementation practices and increasing the rates of premarital and prenatal examinations. Addressing these factors may help reduce the incidence of birth defects in the population.

Conclusion

The study highlights the multifactorial nature of birth defects.

Related Resources & Content

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3. Frontiers in Medicine, 2026 -- Maternal age 30–34 years and adverse perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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