Case Report: Aplastic anemia associated with parvovirus B19 infection following neoadjuvant pembrolizumab-based chemoimmunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer - Report - MDSpire

Case Report: Aplastic anemia associated with parvovirus B19 infection following neoadjuvant pembrolizumab-based chemoimmunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer

  • By

  • Jan Kindl

  • Dominika Svobodová

  • Martin Matějů

  • Martina Zimovjanová

  • Michal Vočka

  • Petra Kovaříková

  • Zuzana Bielčiková

  • July 10, 2026

  • 0 min

Share

Clinical Report: A Case Study of Aplastic Anemia Linked to Parvovirus B19

Background

Aplastic anemia is a rare but severe hematologic immune-related adverse event associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors like pembrolizumab. Accurate diagnosis is critical, as these events can mimic other causes of bone marrow failure.

Data Highlights

No numerical data or trial data available in the source material.

Key Findings

  • A 54-year-old woman developed severe pancytopenia after neoadjuvant pembrolizumab and chemotherapy.
  • Bone marrow biopsy revealed generalized bone marrow suppression.
  • Parvovirus B19 infection was confirmed through positive plasma viral DNA and serology.
  • Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy led to rapid hematologic recovery.
  • The patient remained free of disease recurrence at 20 months follow-up.

Clinical Implications

Clinicians should conduct comprehensive evaluations for severe cytopenias in patients receiving immunotherapy, particularly to differentiate between infectious and immune-related causes.

Conclusion

This case highlights the need to distinguish between infection-related and immune-related hematologic toxicities in patients undergoing immunotherapy.

Related Resources & Content

  1. Frontiers in Oncology, 2026 -- Parvovirus B19 infection preceding the diagnosis of childhood myelodysplastic syndrome with low blasts: a case report
  2. Infection, 2024 -- Clinical Variability of Parvovirus B19 Infections Observed During the 2024 Outbreak in Germany
  3. Frontiers in Oncology, 2026 -- Case Report: Persistent severe thrombocytopenia after adjuvant ado-trastuzumab emtansine with sequential bone marrow findings and romiplostim support
  4. Frontiers in Immunology, 2026 -- Adjuvant chemotherapy combined with pembrolizumab immunotherapy for primary triple-negative neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast: a case report and literature review
  5. Early-stage immuno prolongs OS in triple-negative breast cancer
  6. Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse events
  7. Pure red cell aplasia due to Parvovirus B19 infection and atezolizumab: case report and literature review: Immunotherapy: Vol 17, No 12
  8. Early-stage immuno prolongs OS in triple-negative breast cancer
  9. Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse events
  10. Pure red cell aplasia due to Parvovirus B19 infection and atezolizumab: case report and literature review: Immunotherapy: Vol 17, No 12

Original Source(s)

Case Report: Aplastic anemia associated with parvovirus B19 infection following neoadjuvant pembrolizumab-based chemoimmunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer

  • by Jan Kindl, Dominika Svobodová, Martin Matějů, Martina Zimovjanová, Michal Vočka, Petra Kovaříková, Zuzana Bielčiková

  • July 10, 2026

Related Content

A study on the prognostic assessment of triple-negative breast cancer using habitat analysis of preoperative DCE-MRI subtraction maps

Detection of cancer recurrence from Thai-English electronic medical records using sentence embeddings

Multi-scale information bottleneck with confidence-weighted decision fusion for robust breast ultrasound lesion classification