Relapses, Comorbidities, and Predictors of Outcome in Anti-GABAA Receptor Encephalitis - Report - MDSpire

Recurrences, Associated Conditions, and Prognostic Factors in Anti-GABAA Receptor Encephalitis

  • By

  • Claudia Papi

  • Chiara Milano

  • Laura Marmolejo

  • Ana Beatriz Serafim

  • Esther Aguilar

  • Mar Guasp

  • Elianet Fonseca

  • Mateus Mistieri Simabukuro

  • Raffaele Iorio

  • Yuki Fukami

  • Maria Lucia Schmitz Ferreira Santos

  • Takashi Miwa

  • Takashi Araga

  • Yuto Uchida

  • Masanori Kurihara

  • Satoshi Okada

  • Luz Victoria Garcia

  • Kenichi Kaida

  • Natalia Spinola Costa da Cunha

  • Alberto Vogrig

  • Florian Lamblin

  • Juna M. de Vries

  • Livia Almeida Dutra

  • Romana Höftberger

  • Maarten J. Titulaer

  • Jesús Planagumà

  • Lidia Sabater

  • Eugenia Martinez-Hernandez

  • Thais Armangué

  • Francesc Graus

  • Takahiro Iizuka

  • Josep Dalmau

  • Marianna Spatola

  • July 1, 2026

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Clinical Report: Recurrences, Associated Conditions, and Prognostic Factors in Anti-GABAA Receptor Encephalitis

Overview

This study characterizes the clinical and radiological evolution of anti-GABAAR encephalitis, focusing on relapse occurrences and the potential of LMO5 antibodies as predictors of paraneoplastic etiology.

Background

Anti-GABAAR encephalitis is a rare autoimmune disorder that leads to significant neurological impairment, often presenting with refractory seizures and status epilepticus. Understanding the disease's progression, including the risk of relapse and associated prognostic factors, is crucial. The association of tumors with this condition further complicates its clinical landscape.

Data Highlights

No numerical data provided in the source material.

Key Findings

  • Anti-GABAAR encephalitis is characterized by prominent seizures and multifocal cerebral lesions.
  • Approximately 30% of cases are associated with tumors, primarily thymoma.
  • LMO5 antibodies may serve as potential biomarkers for underlying tumors in anti-GABAAR encephalitis.
  • Relapse is defined as new onset or worsening of neurological symptoms after a period of stabilization.
  • Long-term outcomes are assessed using the modified Rankin scale (mRS) for survivors with ≥12 months follow-up.

Clinical Implications

Clinicians should monitor for the potential recurrence of symptoms in patients with anti-GABAAR encephalitis after initial improvement. The identification of tumor associations and the role of LMO5 antibodies may inform diagnostic strategies.

Conclusion

The study provides insights into the clinical evolution of anti-GABAAR encephalitis, focusing on relapses and associated conditions.

Related Resources & Content

  1. Papi, G., Annals of Neurology, 2026 -- Relapses, Comorbidities, and Predictors of Outcome in Anti‐GABAA Receptor Encephalitis
  2. Frontiers in Neurology — Middle-aged predominance and diagnostic delays in anti-LGI1 encephalitis: the role of antibody testing
  3. Frontiers in Immunology — Triple antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis overlap: a case report of co-existing MOG-IgG, anti-NMDAR, and anti-mGluR5 positivity
  4. Frontiers in Neurology — Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis and MOGAD associated optic neuritis: a case series
  5. Frontiers in Neurology — Clinical characteristics and outcomes of anti-NMDA receptor-dominant autoimmune encephalitis
  6. Autoimmune Encephalitis Consensus Criteria | Neurology Clinical Practice
  7. Update of clinical management in autoimmune encephalitis–2024
  8. Relapses, Comorbidities, and Predictors of Outcome in Anti‐GABAA Receptor Encephalitis - Papi - Annals of Neurology - Wiley Online Library

Original Source(s)

Relapses, Comorbidities, and Predictors of Outcome in Anti-GABAA Receptor Encephalitis

  • by Claudia Papi, Chiara Milano, Laura Marmolejo, Ana Beatriz Serafim, Esther Aguilar, Mar Guasp, Elianet Fonseca, Mateus Mistieri Simabukuro, Raffaele Iorio, Yuki Fukami, Maria Lucia Schmitz Ferreira Santos, Takashi Miwa, Takashi Araga, Yuto Uchida, Masanori Kurihara, Satoshi Okada, Luz Victoria Garcia, Kenichi Kaida, Natalia Spinola Costa da Cunha, Alberto Vogrig, Florian Lamblin, Juna M. de Vries, Livia Almeida Dutra, Romana Höftberger, Maarten J. Titulaer, Jesús Planagumà, Lidia Sabater, Eugenia Martinez-Hernandez, Thais Armangué, Francesc Graus, Takahiro Iizuka, Josep Dalmau, Marianna Spatola

  • July 1, 2026

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