Clinical Report: Earlier Cardiovascular Risk in South Asians
Overview
South Asian adults in the U.S. exhibit earlier onset of cardiovascular risk factors compared to other ethnic groups. Key findings indicate significantly higher rates of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes among South Asians, emphasizing the need for proactive screening.
Background
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease is rising globally, with South Asians showing disproportionately higher rates of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Understanding the unique risk profiles of South Asian populations is crucial for developing targeted prevention strategies. Early identification of risk factors can lead to timely interventions and improved health outcomes.
Data Highlights
| Risk Factor | South Asian Men (45 years) | White Men (45 years) | South Asian Women (45 years) | Other Groups |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prediabetes | 30.7% | 3.9% | 17.6% | 10.4% (Black), 10.5% (Hispanic), 12.6% (Chinese) |
| Type 2 Diabetes (at 55 years) | ≥2x higher | Reference | - | - |
| High Blood Pressure (Men at 45 years) | 25.5% | Lower prevalence | - | - |
Key Findings
- South Asian men at age 45 have a prediabetes prevalence of 30.7%.
- South Asian women at age 45 have a prediabetes prevalence of 17.6%.
- By age 55, South Asians are at least twice as likely to have type 2 diabetes compared to White adults.
- High blood pressure is more prevalent among South Asian men (25.5%) than among White, Chinese, and Hispanic men.
- Despite favorable lifestyle factors, South Asians show high rates of dyslipidemia.
- Proactive screening for cardiometabolic risk factors is essential in South Asian populations.
Clinical Implications
Healthcare providers should prioritize early screening for cardiovascular risk factors in South Asian patients, particularly starting in their 40s. Tailored prevention strategies are necessary to address the unique risk profiles of this population, even when lifestyle factors appear favorable.
Conclusion
The findings underscore the urgent need for early detection and intervention strategies for cardiovascular risk in South Asian adults. Addressing these risks proactively can significantly improve health outcomes in this high-risk group.
References
- American Heart Association, Journal of the American Heart Association, 2023 -- Earlier Cardiovascular Risk in South Asians
- European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 2023 -- High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and cardiovascular events in a multi-ethnic cohort: the HELIUS study
- European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 2023 -- Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Younger Populations: An Emerging Concern
- npj Digital Medicine, 2023 -- The OurHealth Initiative: A Digital Genomic Study on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in South Asians in the United States
- American Heart Association, 2023 -- New high blood pressure guideline emphasizes prevention, early treatment to reduce CVD risk
- European Journal of Preventive Cardiology — The contribution of adolescent cardiovascular disease risk factors to vascular stiffness and cardiac remodelling in young adults
- Heart disease risk factors appeared at younger age among South Asian adults in the U.S.
- New high blood pressure guideline emphasizes prevention, early treatment to reduce CVD risk
- Lp(a): A Toolkit for Health Care Professionals No
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