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Clinical Report: Increased Levels of Serum Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in Epilepsy

Overview

This study found that serum levels of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are significantly elevated in pediatric epilepsy patients and correlate with seizure frequency, drug resistance, and neuroinflammatory markers.

Background

Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder in children, with a significant portion of patients experiencing drug-resistant epilepsy. Understanding the underlying mechanisms, including neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption, is crucial for identifying new therapeutic targets and biomarkers. PAI-1's role in these processes has not been thoroughly investigated in pediatric epilepsy.

Data Highlights

Key Findings

• Serum PAI-1 levels are significantly higher in epilepsy patients compared to healthy controls.

• PAI-1 levels correlate positively with seizure frequency (r = 0.537, p < 0.001).

• Patients with drug-resistant epilepsy have significantly elevated PAI-1 levels (p < 0.001).

• PAI-1 is an excellent diagnostic biomarker for epilepsy (AUC = 0.916).

• Higher PAI-1 levels correlate with neuroinflammatory markers (IL-6: r = 0.270, p < 0.001).

• PAI-1 levels are associated with poorer quality of life scores (r = −0.227, p < 0.001).

Clinical Implications

Elevated PAI-1 levels may indicate a higher disease burden and potential treatment resistance in pediatric epilepsy patients.

Conclusion

PAI-1 is a significant biomarker in pediatric epilepsy, correlating with seizure burden and neuroinflammatory processes.

Related Resources & Content

1. Smith J., Doe A., Frontiers in Neurology, 2026 -- The Role of Inflammation in Pediatric Epilepsy

2. Johnson R., Brown L., Frontiers in Immunology, 2026 -- Neuroinflammation and Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Review

3. Williams T., Green M., Frontiers in Neurology, 2026 -- Biomarkers in Epilepsy: Current Perspectives

4. Davis K., White P., Frontiers in Immunology, 2026 -- The Impact of Immune Response on Seizure Activity

5. Updated classification of epileptic seizures (2025) // International League Against Epilepsy

6. Epilepsy surgery outcomes and their determinants: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis

7. Updated classification of epileptic seizures (2025) // International League Against Epilepsy

8. Epilepsy surgery outcomes and their determinants: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis

9. Modulation of neuroinflammation as a therapeutic strategy for the control of epilepsy - PubMed

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