Clinical Report: Understanding the Epidemiological and Clinical Impact of Bronchiolitis
Overview
This study characterizes the clinical epidemiology, seasonal trends, and risk factors for bronchiolitis hospitalization in infants under 2 years at Sheikh Khalifa Medical City. Key findings include a significant association between prolonged length of stay and factors such as hypoxia, hypercapnia, and comorbidities.
Background
Bronchiolitis is a leading cause of hospitalization in infants, particularly during seasonal peaks, which places a significant burden on healthcare systems. The predominant pathogen is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and management remains largely supportive due to the lack of effective antiviral therapies.
Data Highlights
Metric
Value
Total Patients
598
Mean Age (months)
7.8 ± 5.5
Male Patients (%)
59
RSV Positive Cases (%)
47
Median Length of Stay (days)
2.7 (IQR 1.5–5)
Median Hospitalization Cost (AED)
21,776
Key Findings
Bronchiolitis accounted for 10.4% of pediatric admissions at SKMC.
Respiratory distress was the primary reason for admission, with 44% presenting with normoxia and 37% with hypoxia.
Prolonged length of stay was significantly associated with hypoxia, hypercapnia, comorbidities, shorter symptom duration, and secondary pneumonia.
RSV was identified in 47% of cases, influencing the need for intensive care.
14.9% of patients required admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).
Clinical Implications
Early identification of infants at risk for prolonged hospitalization due to hypoxia, hypercapnia, or comorbidities is essential for effective resource planning. This study highlights the need for targeted preventive strategies during seasonal peaks of bronchiolitis.
Conclusion
The findings emphasize the importance of understanding the clinical and epidemiological features of bronchiolitis to improve patient management and inform healthcare strategies during peak seasons.
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