Integrating AI into undergraduate medical education: an exploration of learner-centered approaches through AI

By
Laura Carucci
Rita Nocerino
Elena Cantone
Francesco Berni Canani
Margherita Licito
Luciano La Marca
Margherita Farnetano
Antonio Masino
Franca Oglio
Dario Marziali
Serena Coppola
Roberto Berni Canani
May 22, 2026
0 min

Frontiers In Medicine

Overview

The ARHINASD study reveals a significant association between nasal septum deviation (NSD) and allergic rhinitis (AR) in children, with NSD+ children showing a higher prevalence of AR and more severe symptoms. These findings underscore the need for early identification and management of NSD to improve AR outcomes.

Background

Allergic rhinitis is a prevalent condition affecting up to 25% of children globally, leading to significant morbidity and socioeconomic impact. Nasal septum deviation, observed in approximately 34% of the pediatric population, may contribute to the exacerbation of allergic conditions. Understanding the relationship between NSD and AR is crucial for developing effective management strategies.

Data Highlights

Group	AR Prevalence	VAS Score	NPIF (L/min)
NSD+	66.7%	7 (3.5)	40 (30)
NSD−	36.2%	2 (4)	60 (40)

Key Findings

NSD+ children had a significantly higher prevalence of AR compared to NSD− children (66.7% vs. 36.2%; p < 0.0001).
Multivariable logistic regression indicated NSD is independently associated with AR (aOR 3.51; p = 0.001).
NSD+ children reported more severe AR symptoms, reflected by higher VAS scores.
Lower NPIF values were observed in NSD+ children compared to NSD− children.
Increased eosinophil counts and elevated levels of IL-4, IL-5, and ECP were found in nasal fluid of NSD+ children.

Clinical Implications

Clinicians should consider the presence of nasal septum deviation when evaluating children with allergic rhinitis, as it may worsen symptoms and airflow. Early identification and management of NSD could lead to improved outcomes for children suffering from AR.

Conclusion

The ARHINASD study highlights the significant relationship between nasal septum deviation and allergic rhinitis in children, suggesting that addressing NSD may enhance AR management. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to explore causality.