Clinical Report: Case Study of Small-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Overview

This report details a rare case of small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) in a 25-year-old male, highlighting atypical imaging features and poor response to chemotherapy. The findings underscore the importance of early diagnosis and consideration of colonic neuroendocrine neoplasms in young patients presenting with abdominal symptoms.

Background

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are rare tumors that can arise in the colorectum, with small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) being particularly uncommon. The incidence of SCNEC is less than 0.2% among colorectal tumors, typically affecting older adults. This case emphasizes the need for heightened awareness and early diagnostic measures in younger patients, as the clinical presentation can mimic other gastrointestinal disorders.

Data Highlights

No numerical data or trial data available in the article.

Key Findings

• The patient, a 25-year-old male, presented with severe abdominal pain and nausea.
• Initial CT imaging showed circumferential wall thickening of the descending colon, which was initially misdiagnosed.
• Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of SCNEC after the patient was readmitted due to intestinal obstruction.
• The patient received etoposide and cisplatin chemotherapy, but the response was poor, indicating a need for alternative treatment strategies.
• This case is notable for its atypical imaging features, which are not commonly reported in the literature, such as the specific pattern of wall thickening.
• Colonic NENs should be included in the differential diagnosis for young patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, especially when presenting with atypical imaging findings.

Clinical Implications

Healthcare professionals should consider neuroendocrine neoplasms in the differential diagnosis of young patients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms. Early endoscopic biopsy and histopathological evaluation are crucial for timely diagnosis and management of SCNEC.

Conclusion

This case highlights the rarity and aggressive nature of SCNEC in young adults, emphasizing the need for awareness and prompt diagnostic action to improve patient outcomes.

Related Resources & Content

1. Frontiers | Descending colon small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in a young adult: a case report
2. Management Strategies for Advanced Colorectal Adenocarcinoma in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients
3. I’m Young and Have Advanced Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Rectum
4. Case Report: Intramyometrial Uterine Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Mimicking Adenomyosis and Leiomyomas With Rapid Fatal Relapse
5. Pediatric Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumors of the Colon: Clinical Features, Treatment Approaches, and Outcomes—A Case Study with a Comprehensive Literature Review
6. Frontiers | Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms in children and adults: a comparative review
7. Durvalumab plus tremelimumab for the treatment of advanced neuroendocrine neoplasms of gastroenteropancreatic and lung origin - PMC
8. Frontiers | Descending colon small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in a young adult: a case report