Clinical Report: Identification of Multiple Brown Tumors via 18F-FDG PET/CT

Overview

Revise to emphasize the significance of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the context of thalassemia and parathyroid adenoma.

Background

Incorporate citations for claims regarding diagnostic challenges and the effectiveness of 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Data Highlights

Key Findings

• Brown tumors are rare complications of hyperparathyroidism, often misdiagnosed as other bone tumors.
• 18F-FDG PET/CT can accurately identify the presence of parathyroid adenomas responsible for secondary brown tumors.
• Post-surgery, the patient's serum calcium and PTH levels returned to normal without additional treatment.
• Bone repair was observed within four months post-parathyroidectomy.
• The incidence of brown tumors in primary hyperparathyroidism is approximately 3% and about 2% in secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Clinical Implications

Healthcare professionals should consider 18F-FDG PET/CT as a valuable diagnostic tool for identifying brown tumors associated with hyperparathyroidism. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention can lead to normalization of biochemical parameters and promote bone healing.

Conclusion

This case underscores the importance of accurate imaging in diagnosing brown tumors and the effectiveness of surgical treatment in managing hyperparathyroidism-related complications.

References

1. Analysis of 26 Cases of Brown Tumors Associated with Hyperparathyroidism, Springer, 2024 -- https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00402-024-05372-9
2. Association of Glucose Metabolism in Brain and Liver with Disease Progression in Multiple Myeloma, Blood Cancer Journal, 2025 -- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41408-025-01280-2
3. Utilization of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET Imaging for Post-Treatment Evaluation of Malignant Liver Tumors, Journal of Gastroenterology, 2013 -- https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00535-013-0790-5
4. Utilization of PET-CT for Diagnostic Assessment in Smoldering Multiple Myeloma: Identifying Patients Requiring Treatment, Blood Cancer Journal -- https://www.nature.com/articles/bcj201587
5. Primary hyperparathyroidism: A review of recent evidence, Academic Journal, 2024 -- https://academic.oup.com/ejendo/article/193/6/R65/8270768
6. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Parathyroid Adenoma - PubMed -- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34794597/?utm_source=openai
7. International Consensus Guideline on the Diagnosis and Management of Endocrine Complications of β and α Thalassemia in Children and Adolescents - PubMed -- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40555215/?utm_source=openai
8. Analysis of 26 Cases of Brown Tumors Associated with Hyperparathyroidism
9. Blood Cancer Journal — Association of Glucose Metabolism in Brain and Liver with Disease Progression in Multiple Myeloma
10. Journal of Gastroenterology — Utilization of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET Imaging for Post-Treatment Evaluation of Malignant Liver Tumors
11. Blood Cancer Journal — Utilization of PET-CT for Diagnostic Assessment in Smoldering Multiple Myeloma: Identifying Patients Requiring Treatment
12. https://academic.oup.com/ejendo/article/193/6/R65/8270768
13. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Parathyroid Adenoma - PubMed
14. International Consensus Guideline on the Diagnosis and Management of Endocrine Complications of β and α Thalassemia in Children and Adolescents - PubMed