Prevalence of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in the Upper Eyelid Among Postmenopausal Women with Primary Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction - Report - MDSpire

Prevalence of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in the Upper Eyelid Among Postmenopausal Women with Primary Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction

  • By

  • Haili Jin

  • Xianjie Chen

  • Yin Liu

  • October 29, 2025

  • 0 min

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Prevalence of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Postmenopausal Women with PANDO

Overview

Revise to include the clinical implications of the correlation between MGD severity and tear film stability.

Background

Primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) is a common cause of epiphora, particularly in postmenopausal women, with hormonal factors potentially influencing its pathogenesis. Concurrently, MGD is a leading cause of evaporative dry eye disease, exacerbated by age-related changes and hormonal fluctuations. Understanding the relationship between PANDO and MGD is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies.

Data Highlights

No numerical data available in the source material.

Key Findings

Rephrase findings for clarity and ensure they are directly supported by the source material.

Clinical Implications

Clinicians should consider the assessment of meibomian gland function in postmenopausal women presenting with PANDO. Targeted therapeutic strategies may be necessary to address the ocular surface damage and MGD in this population.

Conclusion

The study underscores the importance of recognizing the interplay between PANDO and MGD in postmenopausal women, which may inform clinical management and treatment approaches.

References

  1. Upper eyelid predominance of meibomian gland dysfunction in postmenopausal women with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction, BMC Ophthalmology, 2025 -- Full Text
  2. Managing Meibomian Gland Dysfunction, Contact Lens Spectrum, 1997 -- Title
  3. Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: An Update, Contact Lens Spectrum, 2015 -- Title
  4. Non-Obvious Meibomian Gland Disease Recommendations, Optometric Management, 2010 -- Title
  5. Risk of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction among gastroesophageal reflux disease patients: a global population-based study, Eye, 2025 -- Title
  6. AAO Dry Eye Syndrome Guideline Summary 2024 Preferred Practice Pattern, Guideline Central, 2024 -- Title
  7. Optometric Management — MGD: Get Your Ducts in a Row
  8. Risk of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction among gastroesophageal reflux disease patients: a global population-based study | Eye
  9. AAO Dry Eye Syndrome Guideline Summary 2024 Preferred Practice Pattern - Guideline Central
  10. Upper eyelid predominance of meibomian gland dysfunction in postmenopausal women with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction | BMC Ophthalmology | Full Text

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