Attitudes Toward Large Language Models in Health Care and Preferences for Their Adoption and Oversight Among Health Care Professionals: Cross-Sectional Survey - Report - MDSpire
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Health Care Professionals' Perspectives on the Integration and Regulation of Large Language Models: A Cross-Sectional Survey Analysis

  • By

  • Arya Rao

  • Chinemerem Nwokemodo-Ihejirika

  • John W R Kincaid

  • Marharyta Krylova

  • Kaiz P Esmail

  • Dan Nguyen

  • Christian Rivera

  • Erica Koranteng

  • Marc D Succi

  • September 15, 2026

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Clinical Report: Health Care Professionals' Perspectives on LLM Integration

Background

The rapid adoption of large language models in healthcare has significant limitations, such as inaccuracies and ethical concerns, necessitating careful consideration of their integration into clinical practice.

Data Highlights

No numerical or trial data is provided in the source material.

Key Findings

  • LLM adoption among physicians increased from 38% in 2023 to 66% in 2024, as reported by the American Medical Association.
  • LLMs can produce false or hallucinated information, raising concerns in high-stakes clinical settings, as noted in various studies.
  • Algorithmic bias in LLMs may exacerbate existing disparities in healthcare access and outcomes, according to recent research.
  • Regulatory frameworks for LLMs in healthcare are fragmented and lack standardized predeployment validation requirements, as highlighted in the literature.
  • Ethical issues surrounding LLMs include biases in training datasets and limited transparency in model development, as discussed in multiple sources.

Clinical Implications

Healthcare professionals must be aware of the limitations of LLMs, particularly regarding accuracy and bias.

Conclusion

The integration of large language models in healthcare presents challenges that require careful management.

Related Resources & Content

  1. Vrdoljak J, Boban Z, Vilović M, et al., Healthcare, 2025 -- A review of large language models in medical education, clinical decision support, and healthcare administration
  2. Liu S, Wright AP, Patterson BL, et al., J Am Med Inform Assoc, 2023 -- Using AI-generated suggestions from ChatGPT to optimize clinical decision support
  3. Alkaissi H, McFarlane SI, Cureus, 2023 -- Artificial hallucinations in ChatGPT: implications in scientific writing
  4. Koranteng E, Rao A, Flores E, et al., JMIR Med Educ, 2023 -- Empathy and equity: key considerations for large language model adoption in health care
  5. Nazer LH, Zatarah R, Waldrip S, et al., PLOS Digit Health, 2023 -- Bias in artificial intelligence algorithms and recommendations for mitigation
  6. BMJ Health & Care Informatics — Self-regulating the use of large language models in clinical practice: a risk-stratified approach
  7. Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR) — Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions of Large Language Models in Health Care Communication: Scoping Review
  8. Frontiers in Digital Health — Patients' perception towards large language models in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery: a single-centre survey
  9. Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR) — Dictionary-Augmented Large Language Model Postprocessing for Bilingual Code-Switched Medical Speech Recognition: Development and Evaluation Study
  10. WHO Guidance on Large Multimodal Models for Health
  11. BMJ Health & Care Informatics - Self-regulating the use of large language models
  12. Journal of Medical Internet Research - Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions of LLMs
  13. Frontiers in Digital Health - Patients' perception towards large language models
  14. Impact of LLM Assistance on Physician Decision-Making: A Multi-Country Randomized Controlled Trial∗ | medRxiv
  15. Human–large language model collaboration in clinical medicine: a systematic review and meta-analysis | npj Digital Medicine

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