Combined Immunity from Infection and Vaccination Against Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infections in a European Multi-Center Prospective Study of Healthcare Workers, 2021–2024 - Report - MDSpire

Combined Immunity from Infection and Vaccination Against Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infections in a European Multi-Center Prospective Study of Healthcare Workers, 2021–2024

  • By

  • Madelyn Rojas-Castro

  • Ranya Mulchandani

  • Kim Brolin

  • Zvjezdana Lovrić Makarić

  • Anneli Uusküla

  • Colm Bergin

  • Catherine Fleming

  • Paolo Bonfanti

  • Rita Murri

  • Viesturs Zvirbulis

  • Dace Zavadska

  • Konstanty Szuldrzynski

  • Vânia Gaio

  • Corneliu Petru Popescu

  • Mihai Craiu

  • Raluca-Maria Hrișcă

  • Maria Cisneros

  • Miriam Latorre-Millán

  • Goranka Petrović

  • Liss Lohur

  • Jonathan McGrath

  • Lauren Ferguson

  • Anna Spolti

  • Katleen De Gaetano Donati

  • Ilze Abolina

  • Dagne Gravele

  • Ausenda Machado

  • Simin Aysel Florescu

  • Mihaela Lazar

  • Pilar Subirats

  • Laura Clusa

  • Gordan Sarajlić

  • Jacklyn Sui

  • Claire Kenny

  • Rosaria Santangelo

  • Dainis Krievins

  • Elza Anna Barzdina

  • Camila Valadas Henriques

  • Alma Gabriela Kosa

  • Săftica-Mariana Pohrib

  • Victor Daniel Miron

  • Carmen Muñoz-Almagro

  • Ana Maria Milagro

  • Sabrina Bacci

  • Camelia Savulescu

  • December 29, 2025

  • 0 min

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Clinical Report: Combined Immunity from Infection and Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2

Overview

This study evaluates the effectiveness of hybrid immunity from vaccination and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers (HCWs) during the Omicron variant waves. Findings indicate that hybrid immunity significantly reduces the risk of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections compared to vaccination or infection alone.

Background

Understanding the dynamics of hybrid immunity is crucial as healthcare workers are at heightened risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and can transmit the virus to vulnerable patients. The emergence of new variants necessitates ongoing assessment of vaccine effectiveness and the role of prior infections in shaping immunity. This study contributes to the limited real-world evidence on hybrid immunity, particularly during the Omicron waves.

Data Highlights

No numerical data available in the provided source material.

Key Findings

  • Hybrid immunity significantly reduces the risk of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections among HCWs.
  • Protection from infection is enhanced when combining vaccination with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • The study spans the predominant circulation periods of various Omicron sub-lineages.
  • Real-world evidence on hybrid immunity is limited, particularly in the post-pandemic context.
  • Vaccination strategies have evolved to include seasonal vaccinations for high-risk groups.

Clinical Implications

Healthcare professionals should consider the benefits of hybrid immunity when developing vaccination strategies. Continuous monitoring of infection rates among HCWs can inform future vaccination policies and practices, particularly in light of emerging variants.

Conclusion

The findings underscore the importance of hybrid immunity in protecting healthcare workers against SARS-CoV-2 infections, highlighting the need for tailored vaccination strategies in this high-risk population.

References

  1. Longitudinal Assessment of Immunity Following COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination in Healthcare Workers Over One Year, 2021 -- https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s15010-021-01703-9
  2. Short report: Perspectives on Covid-19 vaccination among healthcare staff at a tertiary university hospital in Germany during December 2020, 2021 -- https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s15010-021-01622-9
  3. Comprehensive Analysis of Risk Factors and Preventive Strategies for COVID-19 Among Healthcare Professionals, 2021 -- https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s15010-021-01672-z
  4. COVID‐19 Vaccine Effectiveness Against Medically Attended Symptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection Among Target Groups in Europe, October 2024–January 2025, VEBIS Primary Care Network - PMC -- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12093050/?utm_source=openai
  5. Infection — Longitudinal Assessment of Immunity Following COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination in Healthcare Workers Over One Year
  6. Infection — Short report: Perspectives on Covid-19 vaccination among healthcare staff at a tertiary university hospital in Germany during December 2020
  7. Infection — Comprehensive Analysis of Risk Factors and Preventive Strategies for COVID-19 Among Healthcare Professionals
  8. Infection — Comparing Perceived and Confirmed Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Healthcare Workers
  9. EMA Recommendation Update on Antigenic Composition of COVID-19 Vaccines, 2025-2026 -- https://www.ema.europa.eu/system/files/documents/other/ema-recommendation-update-antigenic-composition-authorised-covid-19-vaccines-2025-2026_en.pdf?utm_source=openai
  10. 17 May 2025
  11. COVID‐19 Vaccine Effectiveness Against Medically Attended Symptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection Among Target Groups in Europe, October 2024–January 2025, VEBIS Primary Care Network - PMC

Original Source(s)

Combined Immunity from Infection and Vaccination Against Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infections in a European Multi-Center Prospective Study of Healthcare Workers, 2021–2024

  • by Madelyn Rojas-Castro, Ranya Mulchandani, Kim Brolin, Zvjezdana Lovrić Makarić, Anneli Uusküla, Colm Bergin, Catherine Fleming, Paolo Bonfanti, Rita Murri, Viesturs Zvirbulis, Dace Zavadska, Konstanty Szuldrzynski, Vânia Gaio, Corneliu Petru Popescu, Mihai Craiu, Raluca-Maria Hrișcă, Maria Cisneros, Miriam Latorre-Millán, Goranka Petrović, Liss Lohur, Jonathan McGrath, Lauren Ferguson, Anna Spolti, Katleen De Gaetano Donati, Ilze Abolina, Dagne Gravele, Ausenda Machado, Simin Aysel Florescu, Mihaela Lazar, Pilar Subirats, Laura Clusa, Gordan Sarajlić, Jacklyn Sui, Claire Kenny, Rosaria Santangelo, Dainis Krievins, Elza Anna Barzdina, Camila Valadas Henriques, Alma Gabriela Kosa, Săftica-Mariana Pohrib, Victor Daniel Miron, Carmen Muñoz-Almagro, Ana Maria Milagro, Sabrina Bacci, Camelia Savulescu

  • December 29, 2025

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