Clinical Report: Association of Prognostic Nutritional Index with Survival Outcomes in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma
Overview
This study evaluates the prognostic significance of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Low PNI is associated with increased mortality and reduced overall survival compared to high PNI, while NLR and PLR do not show significant prognostic value.
Background
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a complex hematological malignancy with a heterogeneous clinical course, necessitating reliable prognostic markers for patient stratification. The prognostic nutritional index (PNI), along with inflammatory markers like NLR and PLR, has been explored for its potential to predict survival outcomes in various cancers, including MM.
Data Highlights
Parameter
Low PNI Group
High PNI Group
p-value
Mortality Rate
76.3%
50%
0.02
Median Overall Survival
13.5 months
53.3 months
0.007
Key Findings
Low PNI (≤34.7) was found in 39.2% of patients.
Patients with low PNI had a significantly higher mortality rate compared to those with high PNI (76.3% vs. 50%, p = 0.02).
The median overall survival for the low PNI group was significantly shorter at 13.5 months compared to 53.3 months for the high PNI group (p = 0.007).
No significant differences in median overall survival were observed between low and high PLR or NLR groups.
High beta-2 microglobulin levels were associated with a 3.19-fold increased risk of death (p = 0.048).
Clinical Implications
The findings indicate that PNI may serve as a prognostic marker in newly diagnosed MM patients.
Conclusion
Low PNI at diagnosis is associated with increased mortality and reduced overall survival in MM patients, while NLR and PLR do not demonstrate significant prognostic value in this cohort.
