Associations of Autistic and ADHD-like Traits with Burnout and Empathy

Overview

This study examines the prevalence of autistic-like traits (ALTs) and ADHD-like traits (ADHLTs) among junior medical residents in Japan and their associations with burnout, depression, anxiety, and empathy.

Background

Burnout, depression, and anxiety are prevalent among medical trainees, impacting their well-being and patient care. Neurodevelopmental traits such as ALTs and ADHLTs may increase vulnerability to these psychological issues.

Data Highlights

The prevalence of ALTs and ADHLTs was 23.6% for each trait among the studied junior residents.

Key Findings

• ALTs were associated with lower personal accomplishment and higher levels of depression and anxiety.
• ADHLTs correlated with greater emotional exhaustion, a dimension of burnout.
• Psychological flexibility, particularly progress toward values, mediated the relationship between ALTs and personal accomplishment.
• Cognitive fusion was identified as a mediator between ADHLTs and emotional exhaustion.
• Both neurodevelopmental traits were linked to lower physician–patient empathy.

Clinical Implications

Addressing psychological flexibility and inflexibility could be beneficial in mitigating burnout and enhancing empathy.

Conclusion

The study highlights the significant associations between neurodevelopmental traits and psychological distress among junior medical residents.

Related Resources & Content

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4. ACGME Common Program, 2025 -- Common Program Requirements
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13. The experiences of autistic medical students in relation to seeking and receiving online support: A phenomenological study | PLOS One
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