Gut Microbiota Composition Linked to HIV Acquisition Risk in HIV-Negative MSM
Overview
This study identified distinct gut microbiota profiles associated with high-risk sexual behaviors for HIV acquisition in HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM). High-risk MSM exhibited increased gut microbial diversity and specific taxa differences compared to low-risk MSM.
Background
Men who have sex with men (MSM) face a disproportionately higher risk of HIV infection globally. Sexual transmission is now the predominant route of HIV spread, with MSM representing a key population for targeted prevention efforts. Emerging evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis is linked to HIV infection and may influence susceptibility. However, the relationship between gut microbiota composition and HIV acquisition risk in HIV-negative MSM has not been well characterized.
Data Highlights
Parameter
High-Risk Group
Low-Risk Group
Number of Male Partners
>2
≤2
Sexual Practice
Mostly receptive anal intercourse
Less frequent receptive anal intercourse
Shannon Index (Alpha Diversity)
Significantly higher
Lower
Simpson Index (Alpha Diversity)
Lower
Higher
Beta Diversity (F value)
2.0245 (P = .0369)
Increased Taxa
Roseburia
Barnesiella
Key Findings
High-risk MSM had significantly greater gut microbiota alpha diversity (higher Shannon index, lower Simpson index) compared to low-risk MSM.
Beta diversity analysis showed significant differences in overall gut microbial community structure between high- and low-risk groups (F = 2.0245, P = .0369).
Latent class analysis effectively categorized MSM into distinct HIV acquisition risk groups based on sexual behavior profiles.
Roseburia genus was enriched in the high-risk group, whereas Barnesiella was more abundant in the low-risk group.
Gut dysbiosis correlates with behavioral risk factors for HIV acquisition in HIV-negative MSM.
Clinical Implications
Assessment of gut microbiota composition may provide novel biomarkers for identifying MSM at elevated risk of HIV acquisition. Targeting gut microbial dysbiosis could represent a complementary strategy in HIV prevention efforts among MSM. Incorporating microbiome analysis with behavioral risk assessments may enhance personalized risk stratification and intervention planning.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates a significant association between gut microbial composition and sexual behavior-related HIV risk in HIV-negative MSM, highlighting gut microbiota as a potential target for HIV prevention strategies.
References
UNAIDS Global AIDS Report 2024 -- HIV Epidemiology in MSM
HIV Risk Assessment Tool Validation in Southwest China 2023
Studies on Gut Dysbiosis and HIV Infection 2022-2023
