Upgrading Housing-First Interventions in the Age of Fentanyl - Report - MDSpire

Upgrading Housing-First Interventions in the Age of Fentanyl

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  • Karen Drexler

  • May 5, 2026

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Clinical Report: Enhancing Housing-First Strategies Amidst the Fentanyl Crisis

Overview

This report examines the critical intersection of housing-first strategies and opioid use disorder (OUD) amidst the fentanyl crisis. It highlights the low rates of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) among veterans experiencing homelessness and the implications for treatment and mortality risk.

Background

Opioid use disorder (OUD) significantly increases overdose mortality rates, particularly among people experiencing homelessness (PEH). The integration of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) into housing-first strategies is essential for improving health outcomes. However, current evidence suggests that housing-first models may not adequately address the needs of individuals with severe substance use disorders, particularly in the context of the ongoing fentanyl crisis.

Data Highlights

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Key Findings

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Clinical Implications

Healthcare providers must prioritize the integration of MOUD into housing-first models to enhance treatment outcomes for PEH with OUD. Addressing barriers to MOUD access, particularly among minority populations and during inpatient care, is crucial for reducing overdose risks.

Conclusion

The findings underscore the urgent need to reassess housing-first strategies in the context of the fentanyl crisis, ensuring that they are coupled with effective MOUD access to improve patient outcomes and reduce mortality.

References

  1. Hsu et al., Veterans Health Administration, 2023 -- Enhancing Housing-First Strategies Amidst the Fentanyl Crisis
  2. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2026 -- Immediate Action Required to Tackle the Overdose Crisis Linked to Stimulants and Fentanyl
  3. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 2021 -- Towards Comprehensive Approaches in Infectious Disease Management, Harm Reduction Strategies, and Primary Healthcare Integration
  4. Drug Overdose Mortality Among People Experiencing Homelessness, 2003 to 2018 - PMC
  5. Associated Press Health — More of Maine's oldest residents are struggling with drug addiction, and seeking medical treatment
  6. BMC Psychiatry (Springer) — Organising housing and service provision for persons with co-occurring substance use and mental health problems: a scoping review in the ROP Municipal
  7. SAMHSA 42 CFR Part 8 Final Rule
  8. Emergency Department-Initiated Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial
  9. Drug Overdose Mortality Among People Experiencing Homelessness, 2003 to 2018 - PMC

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