Zinc's Role in Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Kidney Disease: Emphasis on Hypoxia
Overview
This review highlights the critical role of zinc homeostasis in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD), particularly through its influence on hypoxia. It discusses the dual nature of zinc levels, where both deficiency and excess can impact diabetes risk.
Background
The rising incidence of T2DM poses significant global health challenges, with DKD being a major complication that leads to chronic kidney disease. Renal hypoxia is a key mechanism in the progression of DKD, and maintaining zinc homeostasis is essential for cellular responses to hypoxic conditions.
Data Highlights
No numerical data or trial data presented in the article.
Key Findings
Approximately 30–40% of individuals with T2DM develop DKD.
Zinc deficiency can impair insulin synthesis and secretion, contributing to insulin resistance.
Patients with T2DM exhibit hyperzincuria and hypozincemia compared to healthy individuals.
The relationship between dietary zinc intake and diabetes risk is U-shaped, with optimal intake between 8.9 to 12.2 mg/day.
Zinc supplementation has been shown to reduce blood glucose concentrations and improve insulin responsiveness in individuals with diabetes.
Clinical Implications
Clinicians should consider the importance of zinc levels in patients with T2DM, as both deficiency and excess can influence disease progression.
Conclusion
Zinc plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of T2DM and DKD, particularly through its effects on hypoxia.
