Clinical Report: Investigating Tendon Retraction in Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle Lacerations

Overview

This study quantifies tendon retraction of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) following simulated laceration under tensile loading. The findings highlight the biomechanical implications of tendon injuries in the foot, an area with limited existing data.

Background

The flexor hallucis longus tendon is crucial for hallux flexion and contributes to gait dynamics. Tendon injuries can lead to significant functional impairments, and understanding retraction mechanics is essential for optimizing surgical interventions. Current literature lacks comprehensive data on FHL tendon retraction compared to hand flexor tendons.

Data Highlights

This study involved six fresh frozen below-knee amputated male foot cadavers, with an average age of 65. The biomechanical analysis focused on quantifying the retraction distance of the FHL tendon after simulated laceration.

Key Findings

• The study utilized a cadaveric model to simulate FHL tendon laceration.
• Retraction distance was measured under controlled tensile loading conditions.
• Krackow sutures were employed to secure the tendon for accurate measurement of retraction.
• Findings contribute to the understanding of tendon mechanics in foot injuries.
• Limited existing evidence on optimal timing for surgical intervention in foot flexor tendon injuries was noted.

Clinical Implications

The results of this study may inform surgical timing and techniques for FHL tendon injuries, emphasizing the need for prompt intervention to prevent complications associated with tendon retraction. Clinicians should consider the biomechanical properties of the FHL tendon when planning repairs.

Conclusion

This cadaveric study provides valuable insights into FHL tendon retraction mechanics, highlighting the need for further research in this area to guide clinical practice.

Related Resources & Content

1. Does the tendon retract in flexor hallucis longus muscle laceration? A cadaveric study | Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery | Springer Nature Link, 2026
2. Comparative Biomechanical Analysis of Innovative Dynamic Tape Versus Traditional Tape Suture in Repairing Distal Triceps Tendons: Findings from a Human Cadaver Study with an Aggressive Early Rehabilitation Approach
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6. Tendon Lacerations of the Foot and Ankle: A Contemporary Review
7. Does the tendon retract in flexor hallucis longus muscle laceration? A cadaveric study | Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery | Springer Nature Link
8. Minimally invasive reconstruction of a large chronic complete flexor hallucis longus tendon rupture: a case report and literature review | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Springer Nature Link
9. Position Statements & Clinical Guidelines | AOFAS
10. Ultrasonography-Guided Flexor Hallucis Longus Tenotomy for Checkrein Deformity of the Hallux - PubMed
11. Isolated Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon Transfer for Chronic Achilles Tendon Rupture: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - PMC