Factors Influencing State-Level Variations in Homelessness During COVID-19

Overview

Leifheit et al examined state-level factors affecting homelessness changes in the US from 2019 to 2024, finding eviction moratoria reduced homelessness while climate emergencies increased it. Drug overdoses were linked specifically to unsheltered homelessness, highlighting complex drivers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background

Homelessness in the US is widespread and linked to numerous adverse health outcomes. Its prevalence varies significantly across states, driven largely by structural factors such as housing costs and income inequality rather than solely behavioral health issues. The COVID-19 pandemic caused major economic disruptions, raising concerns about increased homelessness and prompting varied policy responses. Understanding factors influencing homelessness changes during this period can inform effective interventions.

Data Highlights

Key Findings

• Each 1% increase in eviction moratoria coverage corresponded to a 0.36 percentage point reduction in overall homelessness.
• Each home-equivalent lost to climate-related events per 10,000 people was linked to a 1 percentage point rise in homelessness.
• Drug overdoses were associated with increases in unsheltered homelessness but not overall homelessness.
• No significant associations were found between immigration or unemployment rates and changes in overall homelessness.
• Higher baseline rents correlated with higher homelessness prevalence, though this did not explain year-over-year changes.
• Eviction moratoria served as an effective policy tool to prevent homelessness spikes during economic crises like the COVID-19 pandemic.

Clinical Implications

Healthcare professionals should recognize eviction prevention policies as critical tools to mitigate homelessness, which has profound health consequences. Awareness of climate-related housing losses as a driver of homelessness underscores the need for preparedness and support strategies. Addressing behavioral health factors remains important, particularly for unsheltered populations affected by drug overdoses.

Conclusion

The study by Leifheit et al highlights eviction moratoria and climate emergencies as key modifiable factors influencing homelessness trends during the COVID-19 pandemic. These insights can guide policymakers and healthcare providers in developing targeted interventions to reduce homelessness and its health impacts.

References

1. Leifheit et al 2024 -- Factors Influencing State-Level Variations in Homelessness During the COVID-19 Pandemic