Accuracy and stability of DeepSeek-R1 and GPT-4o on pediatric questions - Report - MDSpire

Accuracy and stability of DeepSeek-R1 and GPT-4o on pediatric questions

  • By

  • Qibo Hu

  • Lin Lei

  • Xuechun Wang

  • Fangshu Liu

  • Guanghua Che

  • July 17, 2026

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Clinical Report: Evaluation of DeepSeek-R1 and GPT-4o for Pediatric Inquiry

Overview

This study compares the performance of DeepSeek-R1 and GPT-4o on 280 pediatric licensing exam questions across various subspecialties.

Background

The application of large language models (LLMs) in medicine has raised questions about their accuracy and reliability, particularly in specialized fields like pediatrics. As these models are increasingly used in clinical settings, understanding their performance in high-stakes environments is critical.

Data Highlights

ModelPer-Run AccuracyConsistent AccuracyAggregate AccuracyConsistency
DeepSeek-R1Data not providedData not providedData not providedData not provided
GPT-4oData not providedData not providedData not providedData not provided

Key Findings

  • DeepSeek-R1 was evaluated against GPT-4o using 280 pediatric licensing exam questions.
  • Questions spanned 11 subspecialties and were categorized by clinical complexity.
  • Performance metrics included per-run accuracy, consistent accuracy, aggregate accuracy, and response repeatability.
  • Direct comparisons in pediatric contexts are limited.

Clinical Implications

The findings suggest that DeepSeek-R1 may be more effective in specific pediatric inquiries compared to GPT-4o. Clinicians and educators should consider the strengths of each model when integrating AI tools into pediatric training and decision-making.

Conclusion

This comparative evaluation highlights the performance of DeepSeek-R1 in pediatric applications.

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  5. Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health: Guidance on large multi-modal models
  6. Clinical Decision Support Software | FDA
  7. HTI-1 Final Rule - ONC - Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology
  8. Joint Commission Releases First of Its Kind Exclusively Designed for Healthcare Organizations, Voluntary Responsible Use of AI in Healthcare Certification | Joint Commission
  9. Digital Ecosystems, Children, and Adolescents: Policy Statement | Pediatrics | American Academy of Pediatrics
  10. Journal of Medical Internet Research - Accuracy of Large Language Models When Answering Clinical Research Questions: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
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  12. Performance of DeepSeek and GPT Models on Pediatric Board Preparation Questions: Comparative Evaluation - ScienceDirect
  13. Large‐language‐models for pediatric diagnosis: Performance evaluation using real‐world clinical notes from common and rare cases - Launes - Pediatric Investigation - Wiley Online Library
  14. https://medinform.jmir.org/2026/1/e93054/PDF

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