Development and validation of a predictive model for forceps delivery risk in term singleton primiparas for early identification and labor management optimization - Report - MDSpire

Development and validation of a predictive model for forceps delivery risk in term singleton primiparas for early identification and labor management optimization

  • By

  • Fengchao Wan

  • Xiaoqin Chen

  • Xiaojing Song

  • Xue Mei

  • Qi Shi

  • June 19, 2026

  • 0 min

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Clinical Report: Predictive Framework for Forceps Delivery in Primiparas

Overview

This study establishes a predictive model for identifying the risk of forceps-assisted delivery in term singleton primiparas.

Background

The rising rates of cesarean deliveries have highlighted the need for effective management of labor, particularly in cases requiring assisted vaginal delivery. Identifying high-risk patients early can facilitate timely interventions.

Data Highlights

ParameterValue
AUC0.775 (95% CI: 0.741–0.810)
Optimal cutoff value0.413
Sensitivity0.688
Specificity0.725
Corrected C-index0.771

Key Findings

  • Independent risk factors for forceps delivery include BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2, fetal abdominal circumference ≥ 340 mm, grade II or III meconium-stained fluid, non-occipital anterior fetal position, and active phase duration ≥ 120 min.
  • The predictive model achieved an AUC of 0.775.
  • The model demonstrated acceptable calibration.
  • After 500 internal bootstrap validations, the corrected C-index was 0.771.

Clinical Implications

The predictive model assists healthcare providers in identifying high-risk primiparas early in labor.

Conclusion

The proposed predictive model offers a structured approach for early risk stratification of forceps delivery in term singleton primiparas.

Related Resources & Content

  1. Frontiers in Medicine, 2026 -- Weighted Risk Scoring System for Predicting Peripartum Transfusion: Development and Internal Validation
  2. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2026 -- Predicting cesarean delivery in twin pregnancies undergoing trial of labor: a multicenter cohort study
  3. Frontiers in Medicine, 2026 -- A Multivariable Risk Prediction Model for Pregnancies of Uncertain Viability without a Fetal Pole: A Prospective Cohort Study
  4. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2026 -- A risk-based model for unplanned cesarean delivery following induction of labor in term hypertensive nulliparas
  5. Labor Management: Guidelines From the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists | AAFP, 2025
  6. Overview | Intrapartum care | Guidance | NICE, 2026
  7. WHO recommendations on maternal health guidelines approved by the WHO Guidelines Review Committee, NCBI Bookshelf
  8. Effect of Immediate vs Delayed Pushing on Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery, JAMA
  9. Evaluating the impact of the second-stage and pushing duration on maternal and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis, ScienceDirect
  10. Risk of cervical laceration in forceps vs vacuum delivery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis, PMC
  11. Instruments for assisted vaginal birth | Cochrane
  12. Obstetric Outcomes by Hospital Volume of Operative Vaginal Delivery | Obstetrics and Gynecology | JAMA Network Open
  13. Prediction of spontaneous vaginal delivery in the prolonged second stage using the delta angle of progression, ScienceDirect
  14. Labor Management: Guidelines From the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists | AAFP
  15. Overview | Intrapartum care | Guidance | NICE
  16. [Table, WHO recommendations: intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience []]. - WHO recommendations on maternal health guidelines approved by the WHO Guidelines Review Committee - NCBI Bookshelf
  17. Effect of Immediate vs Delayed Pushing on Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery
  18. Evaluating the impact of the second-stage and pushing duration on maternal and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis - ScienceDirect
  19. Risk of cervical laceration in forceps vs vacuum delivery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis - PMC
  20. Instruments for assisted vaginal birth | Cochrane
  21. Obstetric Outcomes by Hospital Volume of Operative Vaginal Delivery | Obstetrics and Gynecology | JAMA Network Open | JAMA Network
  22. Prediction of spontaneous vaginal delivery in the prolonged second stage using the delta angle of progression - ScienceDirect

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