Prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV Among Drug Users in Turkey
Overview
This study retrospectively analyzed 8071 patients seeking treatment for substance use in Turkey to determine the prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV. The findings revealed significantly higher seropositivity rates for these infections among people who inject drugs (PWID) compared to non-injection drug users (NIDU), highlighting the need for targeted screening and awareness.
Background
Substance use is a global health concern linked to increased transmission of infectious diseases such as HIV, HBV, and HCV. Intravenous drug use poses a particularly high risk due to behaviors like syringe sharing. In Turkey, data on the prevalence of these infections among substance users are limited. Early diagnosis and awareness are critical to prevent complications like cirrhosis and liver cancer and to reduce transmission.
The overall HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HCV, and anti-HIV positivity rates were 2.2%, 33.2%, 0.8%, and 0.6%, respectively.
Among PWID, seropositivity rates were significantly higher: HBsAg 25%, anti-HCV 24.4%, and anti-HIV 10.7% (P < .01).
Men had significantly higher HBsAg and anti-HBs positivity rates compared to women.
The prevalence of HBV and HCV in the study population was similar to that of the general population.
Majority of patients used sedative-hypnotics (60.9%) and methamphetamine (52%), with 2.8% using intravenous substances.
Clinical Implications
Screening for HIV, HBV, and HCV should be prioritized in substance users, especially those who inject drugs, due to their higher infection rates. Increasing awareness among infected individuals can prevent disease progression and reduce transmission risks. Integrating infectious disease screening into substance abuse treatment programs is essential for public health protection.
Conclusion
This study highlights the elevated prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV among PWID in Turkey and underscores the importance of routine screening and education to prevent complications and transmission. Targeted interventions can improve outcomes for this vulnerable population and safeguard community health.
References
World Health Organization 2021 -- Global status report on alcohol and health
Turkish Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction 2019 -- National drug report
World Health Organization 2022 -- Hepatitis B and C fact sheets
World Health Organization 2022 -- HIV/AIDS data and statistics
