Multimodal Imaging Techniques in Vascular Medicine: A Case Study of Adventitial Cystic Disease Affecting the Superficial Femoral Artery

By
The Thoi Nguyen
Nga Thi Viet Nguyen
Minh Thai Nguyen
Quan Anh Nguyen
Hoa Thi Le
Linh Thi Dang
May 26, 2026

Vascular Medicine

Overview

This case study presents a 27-year-old man with adventitial cystic disease affecting the superficial femoral artery, diagnosed through multimodal imaging techniques. The findings highlight the importance of recognizing characteristic imaging features to differentiate ACD from atherosclerotic disease.

Background

Adventitial cystic disease (ACD) is a rare, nonatherosclerotic vascular disorder that can lead to significant luminal compression and is often misdiagnosed. Its typical presentation includes exertional claudication in young, otherwise healthy individuals, making accurate diagnosis crucial for appropriate management. Multimodal imaging plays a vital role in identifying ACD and guiding surgical intervention.

Data Highlights

No numerical data or trial data presented.

Key Findings

A 27-year-old man presented with exertional calf pain and diminished pulses.
Duplex ultrasonography revealed significant stenosis in the left superficial femoral artery.
Computed tomography angiography showed segmental luminal narrowing without calcification.
Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis of adventitial cystic disease with characteristic cystic features.
Histopathology indicated a degenerative process with mucin-filled cystic spaces.

Clinical Implications

Recognition of ACD's imaging characteristics is essential for differentiating it from atherosclerotic disease. This case underscores the need for multimodal imaging in young patients presenting with atypical claudication symptoms.

Conclusion

The case illustrates the diagnostic utility of multimodal imaging in identifying adventitial cystic disease, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis for effective management.