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Systematic Review of Coordinated Changes in Oral and Gut Microbiota in Connective Tissue Disorders

  • By

  • Verena Ida Meyer

  • Sylvio Redanz

  • Martin Alexander Kriegel

  • July 3, 2026

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Clinical Report: Systematic Review of Coordinated Changes in Oral and Gut Microbiota

Overview

This systematic review synthesizes evidence on oral and gut microbiome alterations in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). It highlights recurrent opposing abundance patterns across anatomical sites.

Background

The human microbiome plays a crucial role in host physiology and immune regulation. Dysregulation of the microbiome is frequently observed in autoimmune diseases, including connective tissue disorders like SLE and pSS. Understanding the interplay between oral and gut microbiomes may provide insights into disease mechanisms.

Data Highlights

Study TypeParticipantsFindings
Observational1,385 patients, 2,131 controlsReduced intestinal diversity; preserved/increased oral diversity

Key Findings

  • Intestinal Shannon and Simpson α-diversity were frequently reduced in SLE and pSS.
  • Oral microbiome diversity was preserved or increased in these conditions.
  • Specific taxa showed opposing abundance patterns, notably Streptococcus and Actinomycetota in SLE.
  • Pseudomonadota were increased in the gut of pSS patients while decreased in the oral cavity.
  • Parallel enrichment of Veillonella and Veillonellaceae was observed across both oral and gut sites.

Clinical Implications

Further research is needed to explore the interactions between oral and gut microbiomes in SLE and pSS.

Conclusion

This review presents findings on oral and gut microbiome alterations in connective tissue diseases.

Related Resources & Content

  1. Frontiers | Coordinated oral–gut microbiota dysbiosis in connective tissue diseases: a systematic review
  2. Journal of Gastroenterology — Endoscopic Brush Sample Analysis Reveals Mucosal Dysbiosis in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  3. Frontiers in Immunology — Microbiome-orchestrated cross-organ immunity in autoimmunity: from metabolites to therapeutic targets
  4. Journal of Gastroenterology — Modifying Gut Microbiota to Improve Immune Regulation in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
  5. New Guideline: Recommendations for Integrative RA Approach | American College of Rheumatology
  6. The Influence and Mechanisms of Gut Microbiota Interactions in the Development of Crohn’s Disease
  7. New Guideline: Recommendations for Integrative RA Approach | American College of Rheumatology
  8. Frontiers | Coordinated oral–gut microbiota dysbiosis in connective tissue diseases: a systematic review
  9. Efficacy and safety of gut microbiota-based therapies in autoimmune and rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 80 randomized controlled trials

Original Source(s)

Coordinated oral–gut microbiota relocation in connective tissue diseases: a systematic review

  • by Verena Ida Meyer, Sylvio Redanz, Martin Alexander Kriegel

  • July 3, 2026

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