Clinical Report: Immune Signatures in Mucosal and Systemic Compartments

Overview

This study investigates the relationship between mucosal and peripheral immune signatures and clinical status in HIV-infected individuals with virological suppression.

Background

Persistent immune activation and inflammation in people living with HIV (PLWH) contribute to non-AIDS comorbidities despite long-term virological suppression. The gut plays a crucial role in immune homeostasis.

Data Highlights

No numerical data or trial data provided in the source material.

Key Findings

• Mucosal transcriptional patterns reflect disease stage, ART regimen, and immune recovery.
• INSTI-based therapy drives epithelial junctional remodelling.
• Mucosal analyses show coordinated epithelial–immune regulation in treated HIV.
• Peripheral biomarkers demonstrate limited discriminatory capacity compared to mucosal analyses.
• Persistent immune activation and inflammation occur despite effective antiretroviral therapy.

Clinical Implications

Direct mucosal assessment is important for capturing residual barrier and immune perturbations in treated HIV infection.

Conclusion

The findings highlight the importance of mucosal immune signatures in HIV-infected individuals under suppressive ART.

Related Resources & Content

1. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2023 -- Exploring the Role of the Gut Microbiome in HIV Reservoir Behavior
2. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2023 -- Localized Reservoirs of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Intestinal Monocytes and Macrophages During Antiretroviral Treatment
3. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2023 -- Associations Between the Gut Microbiome, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Profiles in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
4. Frontiers in Immunology, 2026 -- Integrated transcriptomic profiling of rectal and adipose HIV-1 reservoirs relative to matched PBMCs in ART-treated individuals
5. Immune Activation and Inflammation | NIH
6. Pitavastatin to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease in HIV Infection | New England Journal of Medicine
7. Frontiers | Mucosal and Systemic Immune Signatures Reveal Compartmentalized Regulation of Gut Barrier Integrity in Virologically Suppressed HIV Infection
8. Immune Activation and Inflammation | NIH
9. Pitavastatin to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease in HIV Infection | New England Journal of Medicine
10. Frontiers | Mucosal and Systemic Immune Signatures Reveal Compartmentalized Regulation of Gut Barrier Integrity in Virologically Suppressed HIV Infection