Clinical Report: Immunoediting Driven by Therapy and Cancer Immune Evasion

Overview

This mini-review discusses how anticancer therapies can lead to the eradication of immune-visible tumor cells while selecting for populations capable of immune evasion. It highlights the dynamic continuum of therapy-induced immunoediting.

Background

Understanding cancer immunoediting reveals the complex interplay between tumor cells and host immunity, which influences tumor development and treatment outcomes. The phenomenon of immune evasion is relevant in the context of evolving cancer therapies.

Data Highlights

No numerical data or trial data provided in the source material.

Key Findings

• Anticancer treatments can reactivate immunoediting, leading to a cycle of tumor selection and adaptation.
• Therapies such as immune checkpoint blockade, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies exert distinct immune-selective pressures.
• Incomplete tumor clearance can allow for the persistence of immune-evasive populations.
• Residual equilibrium is a clinically actionable state that may be detectable through various biomarkers.
• Resistance mechanisms can be categorized into primary, adaptive, and acquired forms, with overlapping temporal and mechanistic schemes.

Clinical Implications

Monitoring for residual disease and adapting treatment strategies based on biomarkers may be necessary.

Conclusion

The review discusses therapy-induced immunoediting in cancer treatment.

Related Resources & Content

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2. The Immune System: Deciphering Recent Advances, 2017 -- The ASCO Post
3. Overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors: mechanisms and strategies in cancer therapy, 2026 -- Frontiers in Immunology
4. Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) consensus definitions for resistance to combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors, 2025 -- PMC
5. ctDNA-Guided Adjuvant Atezolizumab in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer, 2026 -- NEJM
6. roswell park comprehensive cancer center — Strategy for Overcoming Resistance to Immunotherapy Unleashes Power of Dendritic Cells
7. Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) consensus definitions for resistance to combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors - PMC
8. ctDNA-Guided Adjuvant Atezolizumab in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer | New England Journal of Medicine
9. Immunotherapy rechallenge after progression in non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis - ScienceDirect