Expectation framing in psychotherapy: effects of approach- and avoidance-oriented video interventions on help-seeking intentions - Report - MDSpire

Expectation framing in psychotherapy: effects of approach- and avoidance-oriented video interventions on help-seeking intentions

  • By

  • Leonora N. Schäfer

  • Winfried Rief

  • July 9, 2026

  • 0 min

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Influence of Expectation Framing on Help-Seeking Intentions in Psychotherapy

Overview

This study investigates how different expectation framing through video interventions affects help-seeking intentions for psychotherapy. Findings indicate that both avoidance-oriented and approach-oriented framings increase the likelihood of seeking therapy, with avoidance-oriented framing showing a stronger effect among individuals with higher social anxiety.

Background

Despite the recognized need for psychotherapy, many individuals, especially those with social anxiety, do not seek help. Barriers include negative treatment expectations and psychological factors that influence help-seeking behavior. Understanding how to modify these expectations could facilitate greater engagement in mental health services.

Data Highlights

ConditionChange in Help-Seeking Probability
Avoidance-oriented framingStronger increase
Approach-oriented framingIncreased
Control groupNo significant change

Key Findings

  • Both video interventions increased subjective likelihood of seeking psychotherapy compared to control.
  • Avoidance-oriented framing led to a stronger increase in help-seeking intentions.
  • Effects were particularly pronounced in participants with higher self-reported social anxiety.
  • Changes in treatment expectations were less consistent across the study.

Clinical Implications

Clinicians may consider utilizing expectation-framing strategies in pre-treatment interventions to enhance engagement in psychotherapy. Addressing negative expectations could be particularly beneficial for individuals with social anxiety.

Conclusion

The study highlights the potential of expectation framing as a tool to improve help-seeking intentions for psychotherapy, especially among those with social anxiety. Further research is needed to explore the consistency of these effects on treatment expectations.

Related Resources & Content

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  6. Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) guideline for mental, neurological and substance use disorders: executive summary
  7. Psychosocial interventions for anxiety disorders in adults: evidence mapping and guideline appraisal
  8. Frontiers | Expectation framing in psychotherapy: effects of approach- and avoidance-oriented video interventions on help-seeking intentions
  9. Interventions to improve mental help-seeking behaviours in individuals with depressive symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis | BMC Psychiatry | Springer Nature Link
  10. Message-Based vs Video-Based Psychotherapy for Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial | Trials | JAMA Network Open | JAMA Network
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