Perspective: Hormones and immune development: bidirectional regulation between thyroid hormones and the immune system - Report - MDSpire

Perspective: Hormones and immune development: bidirectional regulation between thyroid hormones and the immune system

  • By

  • Weiling Zhang

  • Sitao Huang

  • Yingying Kang

  • Qingquan Zhao

  • Sixian Cheng

  • Zhengrong Zheng

  • June 30, 2026

  • 0 min

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Clinical Report: The Interplay Between Thyroid Hormones and Immune System Development

Overview

Thyroid hormones modulate immune responses, particularly T cell activity, within a physiological context. Their influence varies across different physiological and pathological states.

Background

The immune system is influenced by various systemic regulatory signals, including endocrine factors like thyroid hormones. Understanding the interplay between thyroid hormones and immune function is important, especially during physiological transitions such as pregnancy and in conditions like autoimmune diseases.

Data Highlights

No numerical data or trial data available in the source material.

Key Findings

  • Thyroid hormones act as systemic regulators of T cell responses, integrating endocrine, immune, and metabolic signals.
  • The regulation of immune function by thyroid hormones varies with different thyroid functional states.
  • Thyroid hormone signaling influences T cell activation, cytokine production, and the balance between effector and regulatory T cell subsets.
  • Thyroid dysfunction is associated with altered immune tolerance and autoimmune diseases.
  • Current models of thyroid-immune interactions require more integrative approaches to understand their dynamics.

Clinical Implications

Clinicians should consider the impact of thyroid hormone levels on immune function in patients with autoimmune conditions or during pregnancy.

Conclusion

The interplay between thyroid hormones and the immune system is complex and context-dependent.

Related Resources & Content

  1. American Thyroid Association 2026 Guidelines for Thyroid Disease in Preconception, Pregnancy, and Postpartum
  2. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth — Association between maternal thyroid function and adverse outcomes of pregnant women and offspring: evidence from an umbrella review
  3. Archives of Toxicology — Developmental neurotoxicity of thyroid hormone system-disrupting chemicals: a systems-level exploration using multi-omics approach
  4. Frontiers in Immunology — Gut microbiota and its metabolites with thyroid diseases: Functions and mechanisms
  5. Archives of Toxicology — Thyroxin displacement from single and combined thyroid hormone binding proteins by various test substances
  6. American Thyroid Association 2026 Guidelines for Thyroid Disease in Preconception, Pregnancy, and Postpartum - Tim I.M. Korevaar, Angela M. Leung, Erik K. Alexander, Sofie Bliddal, Kristien Boelaert, Gabriela Brenta, Roger Chou, Rima Dhillon-Smith, Chrysoula Dosiou, Jennifer L. Eaton, Haixia Guan, Sarah J. Kilpatrick, Bente J. Lasserre, Sun Y. Lee, Spyridoula Maraka, Kara D. Meister, Lilah F. Morris-Wiseman, Caroline T. Nguyen, Elizabeth N. Pearce, Zhongyan Shan, 2026
  7. Incidence and risk assessment of thyroid dysfunction following immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC
  8. Metabolic reprogramming of Th17/Treg imbalance in autoimmune thyroid diseases | Cell Communication and Signaling | Springer Nature Link

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