Exploring the Role of Large Language Models in Primary Care: Qualitative Study of Physicians in the United States and the Netherlands - Report - MDSpire

Exploring the Role of Large Language Models in Primary Care: Qualitative Study of Physicians in the United States and the Netherlands

  • By

  • Ilse Super

  • Harinder Bawa

  • Onur Asan

  • July 10, 2026

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Clinical Report: Investigating the Impact of Large Language Models on Primary Care

Overview

This study explores primary care physicians' perceptions and experiences with large language models (LLMs) in the U.S. and the Netherlands.

Background

Primary care physicians are essential for managing a wide range of health needs and coordinating care across disciplines. However, they face increasing complexity, administrative burdens, and workforce shortages, leading to job stress and burnout. The introduction of LLMs like ChatGPT presents both opportunities and challenges.

Data Highlights

No numerical data or trial data was provided in the source material.

Key Findings

  • PCPs in both the U.S. and the Netherlands experience similar pressures related to workload and time constraints.
  • LLMs have demonstrated capabilities in decision-making and diagnosis but lack domain-specific medical knowledge.
  • There is a significant concern regarding the potential for overreliance on LLMs, which could lead to medical errors.
  • Effective integration of LLMs requires establishing user trust and usability through understanding end-user experiences.
  • A study indicates that a notable percentage of GPs in the UK are using LLMs in their practice.

Clinical Implications

Awareness of the limitations and challenges associated with LLMs is crucial for physicians to prevent overreliance and ensure safe practice.

Conclusion

Understanding PCPs' experiences with LLMs can inform their integration into primary care.

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  8. Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health: Guidance on large multi-modal models
  9. Recommendations for Clinicians, Technologists, and Healthcare Organizations on the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: A Position Statement from the Society of General Internal Medicine - PubMed
  10. Generative AI-enabled clinical decision support system in primary care: a pragmatic, cluster-randomized trial | Nature Medicine

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