Emerging Antimicrobial Resistance and the Prevalence of Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infections in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Undergoing Induction Chemotherapy at Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357 - Report - MDSpire
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Emerging Antimicrobial Resistance and the Prevalence of Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infections in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Undergoing Induction Chemotherapy at Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357
Emerging Antimicrobial Resistance and GNBSI in Pediatric AML Patients
Overview
This study reveals a significant prevalence of gram-negative bloodstream infections (GNBSI) in pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing induction chemotherapy, with a notable incidence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) organisms. The findings underscore the associated morbidity and mortality, highlighting the urgent need for enhanced surveillance and antibiotic stewardship.
Background
Gram-negative bloodstream infections are a critical concern in pediatric oncology, particularly among children receiving intensive chemotherapy for AML. The immunocompromised state of these patients, compounded by antibiotic resistance, leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Understanding the prevalence and resistance patterns of these infections is essential for improving patient outcomes in low-middle-income countries.
Data Highlights
Finding
Value
Children with GNBSI
90 (27.4%)
MDR GNBSI cases
72 (80%)
Most common organism
E. coli (54.8%)
30-day cumulative infection-related mortality
27.8% (18.9-37.3%)
Typhlitis incidence
29 (32.2%)
ICU admissions
38 (42%)
Key Findings
27.4% of children experienced at least one GNBSI during induction chemotherapy.
80% of GNBSI cases were due to multi-drug resistant organisms.
The most prevalent organism was E. coli, followed by K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii.
30-day infection-related mortality was reported at 27.8%.
Associated morbidity included typhlitis and a high rate of ICU admissions.
Clinical Implications
Healthcare providers should be vigilant in monitoring for GNBSI in pediatric AML patients, especially during induction chemotherapy. Implementing robust antibiotic stewardship programs is crucial to combat the rising threat of MDR infections and improve patient outcomes.
Conclusion
The high prevalence of GNBSI and associated antibiotic resistance in pediatric AML patients necessitates urgent action in surveillance and treatment strategies to mitigate morbidity and mortality.
