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Is MAR Associated With Hormone‐Related Cancer Risk?
A target trial emulation found small excess risks following fertility treatment, although the observed associations may largely reflect underlying infertility and increased medical surveillance.
Clinical Report: Is MAR Associated With Hormone‐Related Cancer Risk?
Overview
A large Australian cohort study found higher observed rates of hormone-related cancers in women who underwent medically assisted reproduction (MAR), although the absolute excess risk was small. The associations may be influenced by underlying infertility-related conditions and increased medical surveillance.
Background
The relationship between medically assisted reproduction (MAR) and hormone-related cancer risk is a significant concern for clinicians and patients. Previous studies have shown conflicting results regarding this association.
Data Highlights
The study included 1,748,927 women aged 18 to 55 years from 1991 to 2018, with 396,661 undergoing MAR. Hazard ratios for hormone-related cancers ranged from 1.09 to 1.64.
Key Findings
Higher observed rates of hormone-related cancers in women who underwent MAR.
Estimated excess risk for individual invasive cancers was fewer than 20 additional cases per 100,000 treated women annually.
Increased risks were noted in the first years following MAR, decreasing over time.
Underlying infertility-related conditions may account for several observed associations with ovarian, uterine, and thyroid cancers.
Increased medical surveillance may contribute to the observed associations.
Clinical Implications
Clinicians should be aware of the small excess risk of hormone-related cancers following MAR.
Conclusion
The findings indicate a small excess risk of hormone-related cancer associated with MAR.
A large BRFSS analysis points to persistent screening disparities among sexual orientation and gender identity minority respondents, with particularly large gaps in some gender identity minority groups.
