Biomarkers, Cognitive Function, and Mortality in Centenarians
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By
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Ryo Shikimoto
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Takashi Sasaki
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Yukiko Abe
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Kenji Tai
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Nobuyoshi Hirose
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Hideyuki Okano
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Yasumichi Arai
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May 7, 2026
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Clinical Scorecard: Cognitive Performance, Biomarkers, and Longevity in Individuals Aged 100 and Over
At a Glance
| Category | Detail |
|---|
| Condition | Cognitive decline and mortality in centenarians |
| Key Mechanisms | Neurodegenerative markers (amyloid-β, p-tau181, NfL) and their associations with cognitive function and mortality |
| Target Population | Centenarians (aged 100 and over) |
| Care Setting | Community and institutional settings |
Key Highlights
- Centenarians may retain cognitive function despite high levels of amyloid-β and p-tau181.
- NfL levels are associated with both cognitive function and mortality in centenarians.
- Comprehensive assessments of physical and cognitive function are crucial for understanding mortality risk.
Guideline-Based Recommendations
Diagnosis
- Utilize blood biomarkers (amyloid-β, p-tau181, NfL) for assessing cognitive function.
Management
- Focus on comprehensive assessments of cognitive and physical functions in centenarians.
Monitoring & Follow-up
- Regularly evaluate cognitive function using MMSE and CDR scales.
Risks
- Consider cardiovascular and inflammatory markers as additional risk factors for mortality.
Patient & Prescribing Data
Centenarians from two prospective cohort studies in Japan.
No single biomarker has been validated for cognitive function in the general population; further research is needed.
Clinical Best Practices
- Incorporate a multi-faceted approach to assess cognitive and physical health in older adults.
- Utilize advanced biomarkers to enhance understanding of cognitive aging.
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