Co-Occurrence of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Early-Onset Type 1 Diabetes in Families
By
Shengxin Liu
Gisele Magarotto Machado
Irzam Hardiansyah
Xinyue Gu
Jonas F. Ludvigsson
Paul Lichtenstein
Soffia Gudbjörnsdottir
Ebba Du Rietz
Brian D'Onofrio
Henrik Larsson
Mark J. Taylor
Ralf Kuja-Halkola
Agnieszka Butwicka
August 22, 2026
Clinical Scorecard: Co-Occurrence of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Early-Onset Type 1 Diabetes in Families
At a Glance
Category Detail
Condition Type 1 Diabetes and Neurodevelopmental Conditions Key Mechanisms Familial liability, shared genetic and environmental influences Target Population Individuals with childhood-onset Type 1 diabetes and their relatives Care Setting Population-based cohort study
Key Highlights
Type 1 diabetes is prevalent among chronic childhood disorders. Neurodevelopmental conditions include ADHD, autism, and intellectual disability. Familial coaggregation analyses suggest shared genetic and environmental factors. Moderate to high heritability estimates for both Type 1 diabetes and NDCs. Disrupted glycemic homeostasis may increase vulnerability to neurocognitive difficulties. Guideline-Based Recommendations
Diagnosis
Utilize ICD codes for diagnosing childhood-onset Type 1 diabetes and neurodevelopmental conditions. Management
Monitor glycemic control in individuals with childhood-onset Type 1 diabetes to mitigate risks of NDCs. Monitoring & Follow-up
Assess cognitive and behavioral outcomes in children diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes. Risks
Increased risk of neurodevelopmental conditions in individuals with childhood-onset Type 1 diabetes. Patient & Prescribing Data
Individuals diagnosed with childhood-onset Type 1 diabetes in Sweden.
ADHD medication prescriptions may be used to supplement ADHD diagnosis.
Clinical Best Practices
Early recognition and intervention for neurodevelopmental conditions. Consider familial history when assessing risk for NDCs in children with Type 1 diabetes. Related Resources & Content
