Cornea, cataract, refractive, and anterior segment surgery remain at the forefront of ophthalmic innovation, yet several challenges persist that demand critical reflection and collaborative solutions. As we navigate 2025, a few key issues warrant our attention.
Neda Gioia, OD, CNS, FMCP, FOWNS, reviewed how levels of individual hormones and the balance between them help regulate tear production, inflammation, wound healing, lipid secretion, intraocular pressure (IOP), and neuroprotection, and therefore can result in a higher burden of dry eye, glaucoma, or retinal disease in women.