Genetic Profiling of HIV-1 Proviruses in Immunological Non-Responders Under Antiretroviral Therapy
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By
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Shengquan Tang
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Yue Wang
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Yanqiu Lu
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Zhen Tong
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Jiahui Guo
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Yizhi Cui
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Vijay Harypursat
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Yemiao Chen
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Jing Ouyang
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Huan Li
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Tong Wang
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Quanhua Zhou
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Yaokai Chen
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August 12, 2026
Clinical Scorecard: Genetic Profiling of HIV-1 Proviruses in Immunological Non-Responders Under Antiretroviral Therapy
At a Glance
| Category | Detail |
|---|
| Condition | HIV-1 Infection |
| Key Mechanisms | Genetic characteristics of HIV-1 reservoirs in immunological non-responders (INRs) versus immunological responders (IRs). |
| Target Population | Individuals living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART). |
| Care Setting | Clinical research involving peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) analysis. |
Key Highlights
- Higher levels of intact proviral genomes were observed in INRs compared to IRs.
- Defective proviruses were the major component of the reservoir in both groups.
- Proviral defects were predominantly found in the 3′ half of the genome.
- INRs exhibit a unique proviral landscape linked to insufficient immune reconstitution.
- The study emphasizes the need for further investigation into reservoir-targeted interventions.
Guideline-Based Recommendations
Diagnosis
- Classify individuals as INRs or IRs based on CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts after ART.
Management
- Consider additional investigations into the genetic integrity of HIV-1 reservoirs in INRs.
Monitoring & Follow-up
- Monitor CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts and plasma viral loads in ART-treated individuals.
Risks
- INRs have a higher susceptibility to opportunistic infections and non-AIDS-defining events.
Patient & Prescribing Data
ART-treated individuals with varying immune responses.
Understanding the genetic landscape of HIV-1 may inform future therapeutic strategies.
Clinical Best Practices
- Ensure continuous ART for at least 24 months before evaluating immune response.
- Utilize third-generation sequencing for detailed analysis of proviral genomes.
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