Emerging insights into inflammation-driven atherosclerosis: immune cell mechanisms

Category	Detail
Condition	Atherosclerosis
Key Mechanisms	Chronic inflammatory disease involving endothelial activation, immune cell recruitment, and plaque development.
Target Population	Individuals at risk for cardiovascular disease, including those with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and smoking history.
Care Setting	Clinical settings focusing on cardiovascular health and management of chronic inflammatory diseases.

Atherosclerosis is recognized as an immune-mediated disease with both innate and adaptive immune responses.
Single-cell technologies reveal heterogeneity among immune cells in atherosclerotic plaques.
Clonal haematopoiesis links age-related mutations to increased vascular inflammation and cardiovascular risk.
Endothelial dysfunction is a critical factor in the progression of atherosclerosis.
Systemic factors like gut microbiota and epigenetic changes contribute to chronic vascular inflammation.

Utilize advanced imaging and profiling technologies to assess plaque characteristics.

Focus on controlling major cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia.

Increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke due to plaque rupture or erosion.

Patients with established cardiovascular disease or at high risk for atherosclerosis.

Emerging therapies targeting inflammatory pathways may provide new treatment options.

Implement lifestyle modifications to address obesity, smoking, and metabolic syndrome.
Monitor endothelial function and inflammatory markers in at-risk populations.
Consider the role of gut microbiota and systemic factors in managing atherosclerosis.