Features of pediatric spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a single-center, retrospective case series
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By
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Yoshihiko Takano
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Mirei Hoshino
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Mayuko Fujita
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Sakae Iriyama
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Kyoko Takayanagi
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Nobuhiro Kawakami
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Takayuki Okamura
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July 9, 2026
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Clinical Scorecard: Characteristics of Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum in Children: A Retrospective Case Series from a Single Institution
At a Glance
| Category | Detail |
|---|
| Condition | Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum (SPM) |
| Key Mechanisms | Macklin effect leading to alveolar rupture and mediastinal emphysema. |
| Target Population | Pediatric patients aged 1–18 years. |
| Care Setting | Pediatric emergency and inpatient care. |
Key Highlights
- 39 cases of SPM identified, predominantly in adolescent males (87.2%).
- Median age at onset was 15.0 years with a median BMI of 19.0 kg/m2.
- Chest pain was the most common presenting complaint (59.0%).
- Potential association between SPM onset and ambient temperature (p < 0.001).
- SPM should be considered in differential diagnosis for chest pain in slender adolescent boys.
Guideline-Based Recommendations
Diagnosis
- Diagnosis established using chest radiography and chest computed tomography.
Management
- Monitor for respiratory failure and associated complications.
Monitoring & Follow-up
- Assess for airway compression and potential underlying conditions.
Risks
- Severe air leakage may lead to respiratory failure; underlying conditions may require urgent treatment.
Patient & Prescribing Data
Children aged 1–18 years diagnosed with SPM.
Management may include observation and monitoring for complications.
Clinical Best Practices
- Consider SPM in cases of chest pain in slender adolescent boys.
- Utilize imaging for accurate diagnosis.
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