Effects of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-2 on regulatory T cells in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
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By
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Fen-Fen Ni
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Shi-Lei Jia
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Cheng-Rong Li
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Xiao-Jie Gao
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July 7, 2026
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Clinical Scorecard: Impact of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-2 on Regulatory T Cell Populations in Pediatric Patients with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome
At a Glance
| Category | Detail |
|---|
| Condition | Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome (INS) |
| Key Mechanisms | Alterations in immune cells and cytokines affecting regulatory T cells (Tregs) |
| Target Population | Children diagnosed with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome |
| Care Setting | Pediatric inpatient population |
Key Highlights
- Children with active INS show decreased Tregs and elevated TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-2 levels.
- Glucocorticoid therapy partially restores Treg abnormalities.
- TNF-α/TNFRII signaling negatively correlates with FOXP3 expression.
Guideline-Based Recommendations
Diagnosis
- Diagnosis of INS based on the 2009 Evidence-Based Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Pediatric Kidney Diseases in China.
Management
- Steroid treatment for steroid-sensitive INS.
Monitoring & Follow-up
- Monitor Treg populations and cytokine levels during treatment.
Risks
- Immune dysfunctions including Treg abnormalities may contribute to disease pathology.
Patient & Prescribing Data
Children aged 12 to 122 months with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.
Glucocorticoid treatment is effective in restoring Treg levels.
Clinical Best Practices
- Assess immune cell populations and cytokine levels in children with INS.
- Consider glucocorticoid therapy for managing active INS.
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